32 Questions
Which type of infections are most commonly seen in practice?
Bacterial infections
What is the usual temperature range for animals with bacterial infections?
Below 40 degrees Celsius
What can indicate a bacterial component in an infection?
Hot and painful areas
Which body fluids can be sampled to diagnose bacterial infections?
Tracheal wash and peritoneal fluid
What can cause below normal white cell counts in bacterial infections?
Margination
Which condition can decrease neutrophil count in bacterial infections?
Diarrhea
What is an example of an acute phase protein that can be increased in bacterial infections?
Fibrinogen
Which of the following is NOT a specific measurement for bacterial infections?
Neutrophil count
What is the importance of diagnosing bacterial infections?
To prescribe appropriate treatment
What can bacterial infections cause in neutrophils?
Degeneration
Which fluid can be difficult to culture, especially if you have to send it away?
Cerebrospinal fluid
What does a fetid smell in the mouth and pus suggest?
Bacterial disease
What is the likely diagnosis for a cow that is unwell, has a low temperature, is not eating well, and passing loose faeces?
Hepatic abscessation
What can be seen on ultrasound in a cow with hepatic abscessation?
Abscess
What is the likely diagnosis for a horse with fluid in the pleural space and lung consolidation?
Pleuropneumonia
What treatment is required for a horse with pleuropneumonia?
Local lavage
What is the likely diagnosis for a dog with increased echogenicity within its peritoneal space?
Peritonitis
What is the recommended treatment for peritonitis in a dog?
Local lavage
What is the most effective way to reduce bacterial load in the body?
Physical removal
What can influence the neutrophil count in bacterial infections?
Diarrhea, such as in the case of salmonella infection, can decrease the neutrophil count in bacterial infections.
What are some increased acute phase proteins in bacterial infections?
Some increased acute phase proteins in bacterial infections include fibrinogen, serum amyloid A, and activated protein C.
Why are acute phase proteins not specific for bacterial infections?
Acute phase proteins can be increased in response to various inflammatory conditions, not just bacterial infections.
What are some sample fluids that can be taken to diagnose bacterial infections?
Tracheal wash, peritoneal fluid, pleural fluid, and joint fluid can be sampled to diagnose bacterial infections.
What can cause below normal white cell counts in bacterial infections?
Below normal white cell counts in bacterial infections can be caused by margination, where neutrophils travel to the site of sepsis and are not present in the peripheral blood.
What are the limitations of culture and sensitivity testing for determining antimicrobial resistance?
Fluids that can be difficult to culture include cerebrospinal and joint fluids. Sensitivity testing may not accurately predict in vitro effectiveness.
What are some specific disease processes that may indicate bacterial disease?
Fetid smell in the mouth and pus can suggest bacterial disease. Neoplasms can also present with similar symptoms.
What is the likely diagnosis for an old dog that is off its food, drinking a lot, and has a temperature?
A pyometra, which can be open or closed, may be the likely diagnosis.
What is the underlying cause of hepatic abscessation in cows?
Hepatic abscessation in cows is usually secondary to subacute ruminal acidosis.
What is the recommended treatment for septic pericarditis in cows?
Septic pericarditis in cows can be managed with drainage and antibiotics, but the prognosis is usually poor.
What is the required treatment for a horse with pleuropneumonia?
A horse with pleuropneumonia requires removal of the inflammatory fluid from the chest through lavage, and may also need local and systemic antibiotics.
What treatment options are available for peritonitis in dogs?
Peritonitis in dogs requires lavage of the abdomen in addition to antibiotic treatment.
How can the bacterial load in the body be reduced?
Lavage of body cavities and physical removal of organisms, such as scabs, can help reduce the bacterial load in the body.
Test your knowledge about the importance of bacterial infections in veterinary practice, including their diagnosis and treatment. Learn about common diseases caused by bacteria and the key factors to consider when identifying them. Don't underestimate the challenges of diagnosing bacterial infections in animals.
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