Biology: Fish, Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds and Mammals

Questions and Answers

What is an air sac?

An extension off the bird lungs that allows oxygen absorption to the blood during inhalation and exhalation (correct)

A type of fish

A reptile feature

An organ that helps fish breathe

What is an amniotic egg?

An egg where a special sac surrounds the developing embryo for protection

What defines an amphibian?

An organism that is aquatic as a larvae and terrestrial as an adult

What is the function of the atrium in the heart?

The heart chamber that takes in blood from the body or lungs Signup and view all the answers

What does 'anadromous' describe?

Bony fish that return to freshwater streams to spawn Signup and view all the answers

What is a bird?

An endothermic vertebrate covered with feathers Signup and view all the answers

Provide an example of a bony fish.

Salmon, cod, carp, eels, or angelfish Signup and view all the answers

What is a carapace?

The top part of a turtle's shell Signup and view all the answers

Name an example of cartilaginous fish.

Sharks, skates, or rays Signup and view all the answers

What does 'catadromous' describe?

Bony fish that return to the ocean to spawn Signup and view all the answers

What is the cecum?

An extension on the intestine of some mammalian herbivores that contains microorganisms to aid in digestion Signup and view all the answers

What is the cerebellum responsible for?

It coordinates body movements through skeletal muscles Signup and view all the answers

What is the cloaca?

A special storage structure at the end of the large intestine in frogs Signup and view all the answers

What are contour feathers?

The large bird feathers used for flying and covering Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the crop in birds?

The temporary storage and moistening area in bird digestive systems Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of down feathers?

Bird feathers used to keep the bird warm Signup and view all the answers

What is an ectotherm?

An animal that is not able to maintain a steady internal body temperature Signup and view all the answers

What is an endotherm?

An animal that maintains an internal body temperature through a high metabolic rate Signup and view all the answers

What is fish?

Aquatic vertebrates that have scales and fins Signup and view all the answers

What is the gizzard?

The area of a bird's digestive system where small rock particles break up food Signup and view all the answers

Provide an example of jawless fish.

Lampreys or hagfish Signup and view all the answers

What is the kidney's function?

A special organ used to filter cell wastes out of blood Signup and view all the answers

What is a mammary gland?

A gland that produces milk for the young of mammals Signup and view all the answers

What defines a marsupial?

A mammal that gives birth to undeveloped young who then crawl into a pouch Signup and view all the answers

What is a marsupium?

The pouch that holds the developing young of a marsupial Signup and view all the answers

What does the medulla do in fish?

It controls internal organs and maintains balance Signup and view all the answers

What is a monotreme?

A mammal that lays eggs Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the nictitating membrane?

A special layer of tissue that can cover amphibians' eyes but sight remains possible Signup and view all the answers

What is the olfactory bulb?

A special organ on the fish's head used to smell Signup and view all the answers

What does the optic lobe deal with?

The part of a fish's brain dealing with sight impulses Signup and view all the answers

What does oviparous mean?

Animals that reproduce by laying eggs that develop outside the mother's body Signup and view all the answers

What does ovoviviparous mean?

Animals that reproduce by producing eggs which hatch internally but are not nourished by the mother internally Signup and view all the answers

What is a placenta?

The structure used by mammals to nourish their young while they are developing in the uterus Signup and view all the answers

What is a placental mammal?

A mammal that nourishes their young in the uterus through the placenta Signup and view all the answers

What is a plastron?

The lower or ventral section of the tortoise's shell Signup and view all the answers

What are powder feathers?

Feathers on water birds that secrete oils to keep the bird dry Signup and view all the answers

What is a prehensile tail?

A tail used to grasp and move Signup and view all the answers

What is the pyloric cecum?

Small pouches located where the stomach and intestine of a fish meet: used for digestion Signup and view all the answers

What defines a reptile?

A terrestrial vertebrate who lays amniotic eggs and breathes with lungs Signup and view all the answers

What is a rumen?

A specialized digestive chamber in some herbivores such as cows that allows them to regurgitate their food to re-chew it Signup and view all the answers

What is a ventricle?

The lower chamber of the heart that pumps blood through the lungs or body Signup and view all the answers

What is a vertebrate?

Any animal with a backbone Signup and view all the answers

What does viviparous mean?

Animals that reproduce by giving birth to live young which had been nourished inside the mother’s body for a period of time Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Key Terms in Fish, Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds, and Mammals

Air Sac: Extensions of bird lungs enhancing oxygen absorption during breathing cycles.
Amniotic Egg: A protective egg structure surrounding the embryo, crucial for terrestrial development.
Amphibian: Organisms with a dual life stage, aquatic larvae and terrestrial adults, showcasing a unique life cycle.
Atrium: Heart chamber responsible for receiving blood from the body or lungs for circulation.
Anadromous: Bony fish species that migrate from the ocean to freshwater to spawn.
Bird: Endothermic vertebrates characterized by feathers and the ability to regulate body temperature internally.
Bony Fish: Examples include salmon, cod, carp, eels, and angelfish, recognized for their bony skeletons.
Carapace: The upper shell part of turtles, providing protection.
Cartilaginous Fish: Composed of cartilage rather than bone, including species like sharks, skates, and rays.
Catadromous: Bony fish that migrate from freshwater to the ocean for spawning.
Cecum: A digestive extension in some herbivorous mammals containing microorganisms for breaking down food.
Cerebellum: Brain center coordinating voluntary muscle movements and balance.
Cloaca: A multi-purpose storage area in frogs for waste and reproduction, located at the end of the large intestine.
Contour Feathers: Large feathers on birds used for flight and body coverage.
Crop: A bird's digestive system component for temporary food storage and moistening.
Down Feather: Specialized feathers that provide insulation to keep birds warm.
Ectotherm: Animals that cannot internally regulate body temperature, relying on environmental heat sources.
Endotherm: Animals that maintain a stable internal body temperature primarily through metabolic processes.
Fish: Aquatic vertebrates equipped with scales and fins for swimming.
Gizzard: The part of a bird’s digestive system that mechanically breaks down food using ingested small stones.
Jawless Fish: Ancient fish types, including lampreys and hagfish, lacking jaws.
Kidney: Organ for filtering waste from the blood to maintain homeostasis.
Mammary Gland: Specialized gland in mammals producing milk to nourish young.
Marsupial: Mammals that give birth to underdeveloped young which complete development in a pouch.
Marsupium: The pouch that houses the developing young of marsupials.
Medulla: Brain region in fish regulating internal organ functions and equilibrium.
Monotreme: Egg-laying mammal, exhibiting reproductive traits separate from most mammals.
Nictitating Membrane: A protective, semi-transparent tissue that can cover amphibian eyes, allowing for sight.
Olfactory Bulb: Sensory structure in fish responsible for detecting odors.
Optic Lobe: Brain portion in fish processing visual stimuli.
Oviparous: Animals that lay eggs that develop externally to the mother’s body.
Ovoviviparous: Animals that bear live young from internally hatched eggs, without maternal nourishment.
Placenta: Structure providing nutrients to developing mammalian young within the uterus.
Placental Mammal: Mammals that nourish their young through a placenta during gestation.
Plastron: The lower shell section of tortoises, offering protection.
Powder Feather: Feathers in water birds that secrete oils to maintain dryness.
Prehensile Tail: A flexible tail used by some animals for grasping and manipulation.
Pyloric Cecum: Digestive pouches in fish, facilitating nutrient absorption where the stomach meets the intestine.
Reptile: Terrestrial vertebrates that breathe with lungs and lay amniotic eggs, adapted for land life.
Rumen: Specialized stomach chamber in ruminants like cows, allowing for food regurgitation and re-chewing.
Ventricle: Heart chamber that pumps blood either to the lungs or throughout the body.
Vertebrate: Animals possessing a backbone, grouping a vast array of species.
Viviparous: Animals that give live birth to offspring developed internally, receiving nourishment directly from the mother.

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Description

Test your knowledge on marine and terrestrial life with this quiz covering key terms related to fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. From air sacs in birds to the unique amniotic egg, explore the vocabulary that defines these fascinating creatures.