Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following bacteria is not typically associated with inflammatory gastrointestinal infections?
Which of the following bacteria is not typically associated with inflammatory gastrointestinal infections?
Which of the following bacteria is commonly associated with food poisoning?
Which of the following bacteria is commonly associated with food poisoning?
Which of the following is not a type of E. coli?
Which of the following is not a type of E. coli?
Which of the following bacteria is associated with gastritis and ulcers?
Which of the following bacteria is associated with gastritis and ulcers?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following bacteria is typically associated with inflammatory gastrointestinal infections?
Which of the following bacteria is typically associated with inflammatory gastrointestinal infections?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following bacteria is commonly associated with cholera?
Which of the following bacteria is commonly associated with cholera?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of E. coli causes a non-inflammatory response in the gut?
Which type of E. coli causes a non-inflammatory response in the gut?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary mechanism of pathogenesis for Staphylococcus aureus in bacterial food poisoning?
What is the primary mechanism of pathogenesis for Staphylococcus aureus in bacterial food poisoning?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following bacteria is NOT associated with inflammatory responses in the gut?
Which of the following bacteria is NOT associated with inflammatory responses in the gut?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the typical duration of symptoms for bacterial food poisoning caused by Staphylococcus aureus?
What is the typical duration of symptoms for bacterial food poisoning caused by Staphylococcus aureus?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following bacteria produces heat-labile toxins?
Which of the following bacteria produces heat-labile toxins?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary treatment for bacterial food poisoning caused by Staphylococcus aureus?
What is the primary treatment for bacterial food poisoning caused by Staphylococcus aureus?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary animal reservoir for Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC)?
What is the primary animal reservoir for Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC)?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC)?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC)?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the most common serotype of Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) associated with severe disease in the US?
What is the most common serotype of Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) associated with severe disease in the US?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following foods is most commonly associated with outbreaks of Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC)?
Which of the following foods is most commonly associated with outbreaks of Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC)?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the alternative name for Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC)?
What is the alternative name for Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC)?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary mode of transmission of Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC)?
What is the primary mode of transmission of Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC)?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary reservoir for Salmonella Typhi?
What is the primary reservoir for Salmonella Typhi?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the approximate number of cases of Salmonella Typhi per year worldwide?
What is the approximate number of cases of Salmonella Typhi per year worldwide?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the mechanism of transmission of Salmonella Typhi?
What is the mechanism of transmission of Salmonella Typhi?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the characteristic of the flagella of Salmonella Typhi?
What is the characteristic of the flagella of Salmonella Typhi?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the approximate incubation period of Salmonella Typhi?
What is the approximate incubation period of Salmonella Typhi?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the possible outcome of Salmonella Typhi infection in the gall bladder?
What is the possible outcome of Salmonella Typhi infection in the gall bladder?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary factor that increases the likelihood of developing C. diff disease by 7-10 times?
What is the primary factor that increases the likelihood of developing C. diff disease by 7-10 times?
Signup and view all the answers
Which test is commonly used for diagnosing C. diff infections, but is less sensitive and has a limitation?
Which test is commonly used for diagnosing C. diff infections, but is less sensitive and has a limitation?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the minimum number of loose stools in 24 hours required for testing for C. diff in patients with risk factors?
What is the minimum number of loose stools in 24 hours required for testing for C. diff in patients with risk factors?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a risk factor for developing C. diff disease, but is not a consequence of the disease?
Which of the following is a risk factor for developing C. diff disease, but is not a consequence of the disease?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the purpose of using multiple diagnostic testing algorithms for C. diff infections?
What is the purpose of using multiple diagnostic testing algorithms for C. diff infections?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a characteristic of C. diff infections that can be used for diagnosis?
Which of the following is a characteristic of C. diff infections that can be used for diagnosis?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Bacterial GI Infections
- Bacterial food poisoning can be caused by:
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Clostridium botulinum
- Clostridium perfringens
- Bacillus cereus
- Gastritis/Ulcers: Helicobacter pylori
- Non-inflammatory: Enteropathogenic E. coli, Enterotoxigenic E. coli, Vibrio cholerae
- Inflammatory-ish: Listeria monocytogenes
- Inflammatory: Enterohemorrhagic E. coli, Salmonella Typhi, Nontyphoidal Salmonella, Campylobacter jejuni, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Yersinia enterocolitica, Clostridioides difficile, Shigella spp., Enteroinvasive E. coli
Staphylococcus aureus
- Causes severe vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain within 1-8 hours post consumption
- Resolves in ~24 hours
- Pathogenesis: Ingestion of preformed staphylococcal enterotoxins
- Enterotoxin A to Z, with enterotoxin A being the most common
- All are heat-stable toxins that survive cooking and reheating
Clostridioides difficile
- Risk factors for developing C. diff disease:
- Recent antibiotic use (7-10x more likely)
- Extended stays in healthcare settings
- ≥ 65 years old
- Weakened immune system
- Previous C. diff infection
- Known C. diff exposure
- Diagnosis: Test for C. diff in patients with ≥ 3 loose stools in 24 hours with risk factors
- Multiple diagnostic testing algorithms are used, with at least 2 testing modalities
- Tests: EIA test for toxin A, toxin B, or both in stool
Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC)
- Characteristics:
- Gram-negative, facultative anaerobe
- Also known as STEC (Shiga toxin E. coli)
- Several serotypes, with O157:H7 causing 50% of severe disease in the US
- Animal reservoirs: cattle or other ruminants
- Generally non-invasive
- Epidemiology:
- Sporadic cases and outbreaks mainly in the developed world
- Associated with contaminated: ground beef, raw vegetables or fruit, and washed with water from rivers/streams
Salmonella Typhi
- Characteristics:
- Gram-negative, facultative anaerobe
- Motile rods, flagellated (H antigen)
- Intracellular pathogen
- Highly adapted to humans
- Epidemiology:
- Humans are the only reservoir
- 400-500 cases per year in the US (80% associated with travel to endemic areas)
- Endemic in developing areas of Africa, the Americas, South-East Asia, and the Western Pacific regions
- 11-20 million cases per year, with ~150,000 deaths worldwide
- Fecal-oral transmission: contaminated food/water from infected person
- Infectious dose: 10^5 - 10^6 bacteria
- Clinical manifestation:
- ~13 day incubation
- Symptom progression: fever with headache, rising fever over 3 days, typhoid (enteric) fever, prolonged fever (~4 weeks)
- Infection of the gallbladder, potentially leading to chronic colonization of the gallbladder and shedding of Salmonella
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Test your knowledge on bacterial infections affecting the gastrointestinal system, including food poisoning caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium botulinum, and more. Learn about the different types of E. coli and their effects on the body. Understand the impact of COVID-19 on GI diseases.
