Bacterial Genetics and Metabolic Diversity
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Questions and Answers

What are the monomer building blocks of DNA?

  • Ribonucleotides
  • Deoxyribonucleotides (correct)
  • Phosphate group
  • Deoxyribose

    • What are the four nitrogenous bases found in DNA?

  • Adenine (A), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C), Deoxyribose
  • Adenine (A), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C), Thymine (T) (correct)
  • Adenine (A), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C), Uracil (U)
  • Adenine (A), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C), Ribose

    • What is the process of generating an identical set of genes during cell division called?

  • Translation
  • DNA Repair
  • DNA Replication (correct)
  • Transcription

    • Which enzyme is responsible for adding free nucleotides to the 3' end of the newly-forming DNA strand during replication?

    <p>DNA Polymerase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical basis of energy production in cells?

    <p>Metabolic diversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two types of chemotrophs mentioned in the text?

    <p>Chemoorganotrophs, Chemolithotrophs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the building blocks of DNA called?

    <p>Nucleotides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does DNA stand for?

    <p>Deoxyribonucleic Acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme unwinds bacterial DNA during replication?

    <p>DNA gyrase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of RNA polymerase in gene expression?

    <p>Produces an RNA transcript (mRNA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of transposons in bacterial genetics?

    <p>Carry enzymes required for their own transposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of tRNA in protein synthesis?

    <p>Decodes mRNA by ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of mutation involves the addition of extra nucleotides into the DNA sequence?

    <p>Insertion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of codons in genetic code?

    <p>Encode a particular amino acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of rifampicin in bacterial cells?

    <p>Inhibits RNA polymerase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic targets ribosomes and protein synthesis in bacterial cells?

    <p>Macrolides (e.g. erythromycin)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of DNA gyrase in bacterial cells?

    <p>Unwinds bacterial DNA during replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of plasmids in bacterial cells?

    <p>Carry antibiotic resistance genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process describes the transfer of DNA fragments directly into bacterial cells?

    <p>Transformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of transposons in bacterial genetics?

    <p>Regulate gene expression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for proofreading and correcting errors during DNA replication?

    <p>DNA polymerase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of generating an identical set of genes during cell division in bacteria known as?

    <p>DNA replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nitrogenous base pairs with guanine in DNA?

    <p>Cytosine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two types of chemotrophs mentioned in the text?

    <p>Chemoorganotrophs and Chemolithotrophs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the monomer building blocks of DNA called?

    <p>Nucleotides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical basis of energy production in cells?

    <p>Aerobic Respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of tRNA in protein synthesis?

    <p>Carrying amino acids to the ribosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

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