Bacterial DNA Replication and Replisome Complexes

Who described the first microbes as the fruiting structures of fungi?

Which scientist observed the first single-celled organisms, bacteria?

Which scientist conducted the meat/flies experiment to disprove the idea of spontaneous generation for large organisms?

Who sterilized meat broth by boiling but failed to grow microbes by not allowing air access?

Which scientist disproved the theory of spontaneous generation via the Swan-necked flask experiment?

What theory did Francesco Redi's meat/flies experiment disprove?

Which enzyme is responsible for sealing the break in double-strand break repair through non-homologous end joining?

What is the function of DNA ligase in the context of DNA repair?

In which repair mechanism does an endonuclease remove a patch of single-stranded DNA containing damaged bases, including dimers?

Which protein prevents the expression of SOS genes when not activated?

What is the role of RecA in the SOS response?

Which type of repair mechanism recognizes and repairs bases that do not distort DNA structure?

What is the function of RecA in double-strand break repair through recombination?

Which enzyme is known for being error-prone in its DNA replication and repair functions?

What role does RNA polymerase play in transcription?

What is the primary function of the Ku-family protein in double-strand break repair?

What is the function of FtsZ in prokaryotic cells?

What does MreB form inside rod-shaped bacterial cells?

Which scientist discovered that prokaryotes lived in hot springs and produced methane?

Which type of molecule is considered to contain time information in its sequence, with the average rate of accumulation of mutations reflecting the time?

Which evolutionary study involves the examination of relationships among biological individuals such as species, groups of organisms, and genetic sequences?

What is the name of the site on mRNA that allows binding to the 30s subunit of ribosomes?

Which experimental setup simulated the chemical and energy conditions of prehistoric Earth's 'water cycle'?

Who developed the germ theory of disease, which states that a specific type of microorganism causes a specific disease?

What did Angelina and Walther Hesse discover that allowed for bacterial culture to grow?

What is the term for the hypothetical set of conditions present on Earth around 4 billion years ago, leading to the emergence of small organic molecules?

Which scientist is associated with the discovery of colonies being clonal - replicates of the original cell that started the colony?

What did Carl Woese use to identify distinct forms of life by analyzing their rRNA?

What is required for the alignment of homologous sequences in divergent species/strains to determine genetic relatedness?

Which organism shared similar DNA characteristics with mitochondria and chloroplasts?

What is the primary reason the Endosymbiont Theory is controversial?

What is the characteristic behavior of mitochondria that supports the idea that they were once independent organisms?

Which characteristic is true for bacterial genomes?

What is the function of a DNA control sequence in gene expression?

Which structure in bacteria forms loops of chromosomes called domains and is partly compacted by DNA-binding proteins?

What are genomic islands in bacteria?

What is the primary mechanism of gene acquisition in bacteria involving transfer from other species?

What physiological state of bacteria enhances competence for gene transfer through transformation?

What type of transduction can transfer any gene from a donor to a recipient cell?

What type of recombination requires specific recombination proteins and homologous DNA sequences?

What process involves bacterial cell-to-cell contact through a sex pilus for DNA transfer?

What enhances competence in gram-negative bacteria for DNA uptake during transformation?

What is the function of S-layers in Archaea and many bacteria?

Which type of transporter assists in the diffusion of specific substrates across the membrane?

What is the primary difference between passive transport and active transport?

What is the role of the phosphotransferase system (PTS) in sugar transport?

What is the function of the bacterial secretion system?

In the Sec-dependent secretion system, what is the role of the signal peptide?

What is the function of cell-cell secretion involving large needle-like protein complexes?

What distinguishes Type III secretion systems from Type VI secretion systems?

What kind of gradient does the phosphotransferase system (PTS) use to drive entry during sugar transportation?

How do ABC Transporters provide energy for final transport?

What kind of molecules can pass through the membrane via simple diffusion?

What is the role of S-layers in protecting bacteria and Archaea?

Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the two strands of DNA during bacterial DNA replication?

What is the function of SSBs (single-stranded DNA binding proteins) during DNA synthesis?

What is the role of DNA polymerase III in bacterial DNA replication?

Where does the process of DNA replication begin in most cases?

Which enzyme removes the RNA primers during the completion of DNA replication?

What is the function of topoisomerase IV at the termination of replication?

What is a defining characteristic of a relaxed plasmid replication?

What is one of the functions of the ParMRC system in plasmid segregation?

What type of mutation changes the open-reading frame of a gene?

Which repair mechanism involves correction of mismatch by DNA polymerase III during DNA replication?

What is tested for mutagen strength in an Ames Test?

What type of mutations are caused by compounds that interfere with DNA chemistry and are often carcinogens?

Who invented the microscope and described the first microbes as fruiting structures of fungi?

What theory was disproved by Francesco Redi's meat/flies experiment?

Who sterilized meat broth by boiling but failed to grow microbes by not allowing air access?

What did the Swan-necked flask experiment by Louis Pasteur disprove?

What theory proposed that living creatures could arise without parents?

Which scientist observed 1st single-celled organisms, bacteria, through a microscope?

What is the primary function of DNA primase in bacterial DNA replication?

Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the two strands of DNA during bacterial DNA replication?

What is the function of RNA primers in DNA replication?

What enzyme removes the RNA primers during the completion of DNA replication?

What is the role of RecA in double-strand break repair through recombination?

What is tested for mutagen strength in an Ames Test?

What type of mutations are caused by compounds that interfere with DNA chemistry and are often carcinogens?

What distinguishes Type III secretion systems from Type VI secretion systems?

Which protein prevents the expression of SOS genes when not activated?

What type of transport system provides energy for final transport?

What is the primary mechanism of gene acquisition in bacteria involving transfer from other species?

What are genomic islands in bacteria?

What is the main purpose of isolating bacterial colonies and growing them in a pure culture?

What is the significance of solid medium using agar in bacterial culture?

According to Robert Koch's Postulates, what is the requirement for the suspected organism in Postulate #2?

What are the limitations mentioned in relation to Koch's Postulates?

What hypothetical set of conditions present on Earth approximately 4 billion years ago is described in the text?

What did the Miller-Urey Experiment aim to simulate?

What does RNA precursor to DNA have in its genome, according to the text?

What does the molecular clock contain, according to the text?

What did Carl Woese discover about prokaryotes based on his analysis of 16S rRNA?

What is essential for producing organic molecules according to the text?

What did Angelina & Walther Hesse discover by using solid medium with agar for bacterial culture?

In which repair mechanism does an endonuclease remove a patch of single-stranded DNA containing damaged bases, including dimers?

What is the primary function of the Ku-family protein in double-strand break repair?

What is the primary role of DNA ligase in the context of DNA repair?

Which repair mechanism recognizes mismatches missed by proofreading and uses DNA methylation as an indicator for the newer strand?

What is the function of RecA (single-strand DNA binding protein) in the context of DNA damage?

Which process involves coupling of transcription and translation in prokaryotes?

What is the primary role of RNA polymerase in translation?

Which molecule strengthens the lipid membrane of bacteria and Archaea?

What distinguishes Gram-negative bacteria from Gram-positive bacteria in terms of cell wall structure?

What is the primary function of the Rho-dependent termination in transcription?

What characteristic behavior supports the idea that mitochondria were once independent organisms?

What is one of the shapes commonly observed in bacteria cells?

What is the function of the Sec System in bacterial cells?

What is the primary function of the phosphotransferase system (PTS)?

What type of transport is osmosis an example of?

What is the main role of ABC Transporters in bacterial cells?

What is the purpose of the S-layers in Archaea and many bacteria?

What type of transporters are proteins that help polar, charged, and large molecules cross the membrane using a channel?

Which type of bacterial secretion system involves the movement of proteins out of the cytoplasm?

What is the primary function of the Proton-Motive Force in bacteria?

What is the mechanism by which the phosphotransferase system (PTS) use to drive entry during sugar transportation?

What is the role of the Bacterial Secretion System in bacterial cells?

What is the main function of Group Translocation (phosphotransferase system) in bacterial cells?

What type of transport does simple diffusion represent?

What is the primary function of DNA ligase in the context of DNA repair?

What type of recombination requires specific recombination proteins and homologous DNA sequences?

Which process involves bacterial cell-to-cell contact through a sex pilus for DNA transfer?

What is the role of RecA in double-strand break repair through recombination?

What is the primary reason the Endosymbiont Theory is controversial?

What enhances competence in gram-negative bacteria for DNA uptake during transformation?

What is the function of S-layers in Archaea and many bacteria?