Bacterial Classification and Treatment Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What are the differences in identification of Streptococci, Staphylococci, and Enterococci?

Streptococci form chains and are catalase-negative; Staphylococci form clusters and are catalase-positive; Enterococci form pairs/short chains and are bile-resistant.

What are the types of hemolysis for Streptococci?

Gamma (none)

Beta (complete)

All the above (correct)

Alpha (partial)

What are key virulence factors for Staphylococcus aureus?

Protein A, coagulase, and exotoxins.

What are the main antibiotic treatments for Streptococci vs. Staphylococci infections?

Streptococci: Penicillin; Staphylococci: Methicillin or vancomycin (for MRSA). Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristics of Lactobacilli?

Gram-positive, rod-shaped, acidogenic, common in oral flora. Signup and view all the answers

What type of hemolysis is beta hemolysis?

Complete hemolysis of red blood cells. Signup and view all the answers

A student isolated this bacteria from dental plaque. It is catalase negative, gamma hemolytic, pyr positive, and bile esculin positive. What is the group of bacteria?

Enterococci. Signup and view all the answers

Name five specific genera of the bacteria isolated from dental plaque.

Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus milleri, Streptococcus oralis. Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the toxin causative of exfoliative scalding syndrome?

Exfoliative toxin. Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition that this toxin causes?

Scarlet fever. Signup and view all the answers

What bacteria is responsible for the disease Diphtheria?

Corynebacterium diphtheriae Signup and view all the answers

What is the main treatment for cutaneous anthrax?

Penicillin, tetracycline, or ciprofloxacin. Signup and view all the answers

What is the virulence factor (toxin) that causes the disease associated with Clostridium perfringens?

Alpha toxin. Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the toxin responsible for tetanus?

Tetanospasmin. Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of botulinum toxin?

Cuts snare proteins and sequesters acetylcholine vesicles. Signup and view all the answers

What bacteria is responsible for gonorrhea?

Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment choice for Bordetella pertussis?

Erythromycin and DTP vaccine. Signup and view all the answers

What is the test for Satellitism, including the involved factors?

Satellitism - S. aureus, X and V factors. Signup and view all the answers

Name three toxins of Bordetella pertussis.

Tracheal toxin, pertussis toxin, dermonecrotic toxin. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Streptococci, Staphylococci, and Enterococci

Streptococci are usually identified by their chain formation and are catalase-negative.
Staphylococci are identified by their cluster formations and are catalase-positive.
Enterococci appear as pairs or short chains, are bile-resistant, and also catalase-negative.

Hemolysis in Bacteria

Streptococci can be alpha (partial) hemolytic, beta (complete) hemolytic, or gamma (no) hemolytic.
Staphylococci are typically beta hemolytic.

Virulence Factors of Staphylococcus aureus

Protein A, coagulase, and different exotoxins are some key virulence factors of Staphylococcus aureus, which contribute to its pathogenesis.

Antibiotic Treatments for Streptococcus and Staphylococcus Infections

Penicillin is a primary treatment option for infections caused by Streptococci.
Infections caused by Staphylococci are usually treated with methicillin or vancomycin, especially if the infection is caused by Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).

Characteristics of Lactobacilli

Lactobacilli are gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria.
They are acidogenic, meaning they produce acid.
Lactobacilli are commonly found in oral flora.

Key Bacteria

Enterococci are often found in dental plaque. They are catalase-negative, gamma hemolytic, pyr positive, and bile esculin positive.
Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus milleri, and Streptococcus oralis are common genera found in dental plaque.

Exfoliative Scalding Toxin

Exfoliative scalding toxin is produced by Staphylococcus aureus. This toxin is responsible for a condition known as scalded skin syndrome where the skin is sloughed off.

Scarlet Fever

Scarlet fever is characterized by an exanthema rash and is caused by the streptococcal pyogenic exotoxin A.
This toxin is encoded by a prophage.

Corynebacterium Diphtheriae

Corynebacterium diphtheriae is the bacteria that causes diphtheria.

Treatment of Bacillus Anthracis

Bacillus anthracis infections are treated with penicillin, tetracycline, and ciprofloxacin.
A toxoid vaccine is also available to prevent infection.

Clostridium Perfringens (Welchii)

Alpha toxin is the virulence factor of Clostridium perfringens which causes the disease, gas gangrene.

Tetanus

Tetanus is caused by tetanospasmin (tetanus toxin) from Clostridium tetani.
The toxin blocks the release of glycine and GABA from neuron terminals, which causes spastic paralysis.

Botulinum Toxin

Botulinum toxin targets SNARE proteins like synaptobrevin and sequesters acetylcholine vesicles.
This mechanism ultimately prevents the release of acetylcholine and leads to paralysis.

Neisseria Gonorrhoeae

Neisseria gonorrhoeae is the bacteria that causes gonorrhea.

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common bacteria that can cause wound infections.

Treatment of Pertussis

Pertussis (whooping cough) is caused by Bordetella pertussis and treated with macrolide antibiotics like erythromycin.
DTP vaccine is available to prevent infection.

Satellism Test

The satellism test is used to help identify Staphylococcus aureus. It utilizes X and V factors.

Toxins of Bordetella Pertussis

Bordetella pertussis produces several toxins including tracheal toxin, pertussis toxin, and dermonecrotic toxin.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the classifications and characteristics of Streptococci, Staphylococci, and Enterococci. This quiz also covers hemolysis types and antibiotic treatments for related infections. Perfect for microbiology students and enthusiasts!