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Questions and Answers
What is the average size of prokaryotic cells usually measured in?
What is the average size of prokaryotic cells usually measured in?
- Microns (μm) (correct)
- Millimeters (mm)
- Centimeters (cm)
- Nanometers (nm)
Which term is used to describe bacteria that have the ability to change shape?
Which term is used to describe bacteria that have the ability to change shape?
- Pleomorphic (correct)
- Polymorphic
- Monomorphic
- Heteromorphic
In prokaryotic cells, what is the role of flagella?
In prokaryotic cells, what is the role of flagella?
- Storage of genetic material
- Protein synthesis
- Movement (correct)
- Cell division
Which type of prokaryotic cell arrangement is described as 'strepto-'?
Which type of prokaryotic cell arrangement is described as 'strepto-'?
What distinguishes spirilla from spirochetes in prokaryotic cells?
What distinguishes spirilla from spirochetes in prokaryotic cells?
Which part of a prokaryotic cell is involved in attaching to host tissues?
Which part of a prokaryotic cell is involved in attaching to host tissues?
What is the primary protein component of flagella in prokaryotic cells?
What is the primary protein component of flagella in prokaryotic cells?
Which term describes a thick, organized layer of polysaccharide or polypeptide external to the cell wall in prokaryotic cells?
Which term describes a thick, organized layer of polysaccharide or polypeptide external to the cell wall in prokaryotic cells?
Which type of transport involves the movement of solutes from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration?
Which type of transport involves the movement of solutes from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration?
What is the function of bacterial ribosomes?
What is the function of bacterial ribosomes?
What is the main component of the cytoplasm inside the plasma membrane?
What is the main component of the cytoplasm inside the plasma membrane?
Which region of a bacterial cell contains the bacterial chromosome?
Which region of a bacterial cell contains the bacterial chromosome?
What is the role of plasmids in bacterial cells?
What is the role of plasmids in bacterial cells?
Which type of solution has a higher solute concentration compared to the inside of a cell?
Which type of solution has a higher solute concentration compared to the inside of a cell?
What is the structure responsible for storing reserve materials in the cytoplasm of a bacterial cell?
What is the structure responsible for storing reserve materials in the cytoplasm of a bacterial cell?
Which process involves the movement of substances across a membrane with the help of specific proteins?
Which process involves the movement of substances across a membrane with the help of specific proteins?
What is the function of Lipid A in Gram-Negative Bacteria?
What is the function of Lipid A in Gram-Negative Bacteria?
Which component joins Lipid A and O polysaccharide in Gram-Negative Bacteria?
Which component joins Lipid A and O polysaccharide in Gram-Negative Bacteria?
Why do Mycobacterium species use acid-fast stain instead of Gram stain?
Why do Mycobacterium species use acid-fast stain instead of Gram stain?
What is the function of the Plasma (Cell) Membrane in bacterial cells?
What is the function of the Plasma (Cell) Membrane in bacterial cells?
What is the main function of the peripheral proteins on the membrane surface of bacterial cells?
What is the main function of the peripheral proteins on the membrane surface of bacterial cells?
Which type of transport involves movement of solutes from high to low concentration without energy input?
Which type of transport involves movement of solutes from high to low concentration without energy input?
What distinguishes the Domain Archaea's cell wall from that of Bacteria?
What distinguishes the Domain Archaea's cell wall from that of Bacteria?
In Mycoplasma, which unique characteristic sets it apart from other bacterial genera?
In Mycoplasma, which unique characteristic sets it apart from other bacterial genera?
What is the primary function of metachromatic granules in bacteria?
What is the primary function of metachromatic granules in bacteria?
Which bacterial structures are resistant to desiccation, heat, chemicals, and radiation?
Which bacterial structures are resistant to desiccation, heat, chemicals, and radiation?
What is a key characteristic that distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells?
What is a key characteristic that distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells?
Which component is responsible for cell-to-cell recognition in eukaryotic cells?
Which component is responsible for cell-to-cell recognition in eukaryotic cells?
What is the primary function of the Golgi Complex in eukaryotic cells?
What is the primary function of the Golgi Complex in eukaryotic cells?
In eukaryotic cells, what is the function of lysosomes?
In eukaryotic cells, what is the function of lysosomes?
What is the primary function of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?
What is the primary function of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?
Which organelle is involved in the formation of the mitotic spindle during cell division?
Which organelle is involved in the formation of the mitotic spindle during cell division?
What is the function of the hook in bacterial flagella?
What is the function of the hook in bacterial flagella?
Where are the endoflagella located in spirochetes?
Where are the endoflagella located in spirochetes?
What is the function of fimbriae in bacteria?
What is the function of fimbriae in bacteria?
Which type of bacteria has a thick peptidoglycan layer in its cell wall?
Which type of bacteria has a thick peptidoglycan layer in its cell wall?
What is the major component of the outer membrane of Gram-Negative bacteria cell walls?
What is the major component of the outer membrane of Gram-Negative bacteria cell walls?
What distinguishes Gram-Negative bacteria from Gram-Positive bacteria in terms of their cell walls?
What distinguishes Gram-Negative bacteria from Gram-Positive bacteria in terms of their cell walls?
'Twitching' motility and DNA transfer are associated with which bacterial structure?
'Twitching' motility and DNA transfer are associated with which bacterial structure?
Which bacterial structure rotates to cause a cell to move in a corkscrew or spiral motion?
Which bacterial structure rotates to cause a cell to move in a corkscrew or spiral motion?
What is the function of the hook in bacterial flagella?
What is the function of the hook in bacterial flagella?
Which type of bacterial cell wall is sensitive to Penicillin?
Which type of bacterial cell wall is sensitive to Penicillin?
What distinguishes Gram-Negative bacteria from Gram-Positive bacteria in terms of their cell walls?
What distinguishes Gram-Negative bacteria from Gram-Positive bacteria in terms of their cell walls?
Which bacterial structure is involved in 'twitching' motility and DNA transfer between cells?
Which bacterial structure is involved in 'twitching' motility and DNA transfer between cells?
In which type of bacteria may you find axial filaments that are internal to the cell?
In which type of bacteria may you find axial filaments that are internal to the cell?
What is the main component of the outer membrane of Gram-Negative bacteria cell walls?
What is the main component of the outer membrane of Gram-Negative bacteria cell walls?
What is the primary function of fimbriae in bacteria?
What is the primary function of fimbriae in bacteria?
What is the role of the basal body in bacterial flagella?
What is the role of the basal body in bacterial flagella?
What is the primary function of the O polysaccharide in Gram-Negative Bacteria?
What is the primary function of the O polysaccharide in Gram-Negative Bacteria?
Which bacterial genus uses acid-fast stain instead of the Gram stain?
Which bacterial genus uses acid-fast stain instead of the Gram stain?
Where is the phospholipid bilayer that encloses the cytoplasm located in bacterial cells?
Where is the phospholipid bilayer that encloses the cytoplasm located in bacterial cells?
What distinguishes Genus Mycoplasma from other bacterial genera?
What distinguishes Genus Mycoplasma from other bacterial genera?
In what type of transport do solutes move from areas of high concentration to low concentration without energy input?
In what type of transport do solutes move from areas of high concentration to low concentration without energy input?
What is the function of Integral & transmembrane proteins in the bacterial plasma membrane?
What is the function of Integral & transmembrane proteins in the bacterial plasma membrane?
What does Domain Archaea lack in its cell wall?
What does Domain Archaea lack in its cell wall?
What is the primary role of Lipid A in Gram-Negative Bacteria?
What is the primary role of Lipid A in Gram-Negative Bacteria?
Which bacterial structures are primarily responsible for containing the cell's genetic material and are resistant to desiccation, heat, chemicals, and radiation?
Which bacterial structures are primarily responsible for containing the cell's genetic material and are resistant to desiccation, heat, chemicals, and radiation?
In prokaryotic cells, which component is involved in endospore formation and is known as the 'resting cell state'?
In prokaryotic cells, which component is involved in endospore formation and is known as the 'resting cell state'?
What distinguishes the prokaryotic cells' ribosomes from those of eukaryotic cells?
What distinguishes the prokaryotic cells' ribosomes from those of eukaryotic cells?
Which bacterial structures are responsible for enzyme reserves involved in photosynthesis?
Which bacterial structures are responsible for enzyme reserves involved in photosynthesis?
What type of bacterial cells are characterized by having one circular chromosome not enclosed in a membrane and containing peptidoglycan in their cell walls?
What type of bacterial cells are characterized by having one circular chromosome not enclosed in a membrane and containing peptidoglycan in their cell walls?
Which organelle in eukaryotic cells is associated with ATP production through cellular respiration?
Which organelle in eukaryotic cells is associated with ATP production through cellular respiration?
What is the function of the glycocalyx in prokaryotic cells?
What is the function of the glycocalyx in prokaryotic cells?
Which bacterial structure is made of flagellin proteins and helps in distinguishing different subspecies/strains of bacteria?
Which bacterial structure is made of flagellin proteins and helps in distinguishing different subspecies/strains of bacteria?
What distinguishes spirilla from spirochetes in prokaryotic cells?
What distinguishes spirilla from spirochetes in prokaryotic cells?
Which term is used to describe a prokaryotic cell arrangement consisting of groups of four cells?
Which term is used to describe a prokaryotic cell arrangement consisting of groups of four cells?
What is the primary function of the flagellum in prokaryotic cells?
What is the primary function of the flagellum in prokaryotic cells?
Which type of glycocalyx is thin, unorganized, and loosely attached to the cell wall in prokaryotic cells?
Which type of glycocalyx is thin, unorganized, and loosely attached to the cell wall in prokaryotic cells?
What is the composition of the substance inside the plasma membrane of a prokaryotic cell?
What is the composition of the substance inside the plasma membrane of a prokaryotic cell?
What distinguishes plasmids from the bacterial chromosome in prokaryotic cells?
What distinguishes plasmids from the bacterial chromosome in prokaryotic cells?
What are inclusion bodies in prokaryotic cells primarily responsible for?
What are inclusion bodies in prokaryotic cells primarily responsible for?
What is a defining characteristic of the ribosomes found in prokaryotic cells?
What is a defining characteristic of the ribosomes found in prokaryotic cells?
Which statement accurately describes the nucleoid in prokaryotic cells?
Which statement accurately describes the nucleoid in prokaryotic cells?
What role do plasmids play in prokaryotic cells?
What role do plasmids play in prokaryotic cells?
What distinguishes facilitated diffusion from simple diffusion in passive transport processes?
What distinguishes facilitated diffusion from simple diffusion in passive transport processes?
Which term describes structures that store reserve materials in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells?
Which term describes structures that store reserve materials in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells?
What distinguishes a Capsule from a Slime Layer in prokaryotic cells?
What distinguishes a Capsule from a Slime Layer in prokaryotic cells?
What differentiates Spirilla from Spirochetes in prokaryotic cells?
What differentiates Spirilla from Spirochetes in prokaryotic cells?
What is the arrangement of bacteria described by the term 'strepto-'?
What is the arrangement of bacteria described by the term 'strepto-'?
Which part of a bacterial cell helps distinguish among different subspecies/strains based on 'H antigens'?
Which part of a bacterial cell helps distinguish among different subspecies/strains based on 'H antigens'?
In prokaryotic cells, what is the primary function of glycocalyces?
In prokaryotic cells, what is the primary function of glycocalyces?
Which type of bacterial arrangement is described by the term 'diplo-'?
Which type of bacterial arrangement is described by the term 'diplo-'?
What is the composition of flagella that aids in distinguishing between different bacterial subspecies/strains?
What is the composition of flagella that aids in distinguishing between different bacterial subspecies/strains?
What movement mechanism do Spirochetes use to move within their environment?
What movement mechanism do Spirochetes use to move within their environment?
What distinguishes the movement of solutes in active transport from passive transport?
What distinguishes the movement of solutes in active transport from passive transport?
Which bacterial structure is primarily responsible for storing reserve materials in the cytoplasm?
Which bacterial structure is primarily responsible for storing reserve materials in the cytoplasm?
What is the primary function of plasmids in bacterial cells?
What is the primary function of plasmids in bacterial cells?
Which component makes up 80% of the substance inside the bacterial plasma membrane?
Which component makes up 80% of the substance inside the bacterial plasma membrane?
What distinguishes nucleoids from plasmids in prokaryotic cells?
What distinguishes nucleoids from plasmids in prokaryotic cells?
Which feature characterizes bacterial ribosomes?
Which feature characterizes bacterial ribosomes?
What ensures the genetic material in prokaryotic cells is resistant to desiccation, heat, chemicals, and radiation?
What ensures the genetic material in prokaryotic cells is resistant to desiccation, heat, chemicals, and radiation?
'70 S' ribosomes in prokaryotic cells consist of how many subunits?
'70 S' ribosomes in prokaryotic cells consist of how many subunits?
What is the primary function of fimbriae in bacteria?
What is the primary function of fimbriae in bacteria?
Which type of bacteria has a thin peptidoglycan layer in its cell wall?
Which type of bacteria has a thin peptidoglycan layer in its cell wall?
What differentiates Gram-Negative cells from Gram-Positive cells in terms of their outer membrane?
What differentiates Gram-Negative cells from Gram-Positive cells in terms of their outer membrane?
What is the primary component of the outer membrane of Gram-Negative bacterial cell walls?
What is the primary component of the outer membrane of Gram-Negative bacterial cell walls?
Where are the endoflagella located in spirochetes?
Where are the endoflagella located in spirochetes?
What is the function of the hook in bacterial flagella?
What is the function of the hook in bacterial flagella?
What is a key characteristic of Gram-Positive bacterial cell walls?
What is a key characteristic of Gram-Positive bacterial cell walls?
Which statement accurately describes the role of Lipid A in Gram-Negative Bacteria?
Which statement accurately describes the role of Lipid A in Gram-Negative Bacteria?
What distinguishes Carboxysomes from Metachromatic granules and Lipid inclusions in bacterial cells?
What distinguishes Carboxysomes from Metachromatic granules and Lipid inclusions in bacterial cells?
What sets Eukaryotic cells apart from Prokaryotic cells in terms of their genetic material?
What sets Eukaryotic cells apart from Prokaryotic cells in terms of their genetic material?
Which organelle is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins from the Endoplasmic Reticulum in Eukaryotic cells?
Which organelle is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins from the Endoplasmic Reticulum in Eukaryotic cells?
In which type of bacteria are 30 Endospores a specialized 'resting' form of the cells and can be produced when nutrients are depleted?
In which type of bacteria are 30 Endospores a specialized 'resting' form of the cells and can be produced when nutrients are depleted?
Which component of Eukaryotic cell walls provides structure and protection to the cell and is made of cellulose in plants and chitin in fungi?
Which component of Eukaryotic cell walls provides structure and protection to the cell and is made of cellulose in plants and chitin in fungi?
What is the main function of Chloroplasts in Eukaryotic cells?
What is the main function of Chloroplasts in Eukaryotic cells?
What is a defining characteristic of Prokaryotes compared to Eukaryotes regarding their ribosomes?
What is a defining characteristic of Prokaryotes compared to Eukaryotes regarding their ribosomes?
Which statement accurately describes the structure and function of Mitochondria in Eukaryotic cells?
Which statement accurately describes the structure and function of Mitochondria in Eukaryotic cells?
What is the function of the Core polysaccharide in Gram-Negative Bacteria?
What is the function of the Core polysaccharide in Gram-Negative Bacteria?
Which bacterial genus lacks cell walls?
Which bacterial genus lacks cell walls?
What is the primary function of the Plasma Membrane in bacterial cells?
What is the primary function of the Plasma Membrane in bacterial cells?
What distinguishes the cell walls of Mycobacterium from other bacteria?
What distinguishes the cell walls of Mycobacterium from other bacteria?
In bacterial cells, what is the main function of Integral & transmembrane proteins on the Plasma Membrane?
In bacterial cells, what is the main function of Integral & transmembrane proteins on the Plasma Membrane?
What characteristic distinguishes Genus Mycoplasma's cell walls from other bacterial genera?
What characteristic distinguishes Genus Mycoplasma's cell walls from other bacterial genera?
Which domain lacks peptidoglycan in its cell wall?
Which domain lacks peptidoglycan in its cell wall?
'Selective permeability' refers to which property of the Plasma Membrane regarding transport?
'Selective permeability' refers to which property of the Plasma Membrane regarding transport?
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Study Notes
- Prokaryotic cells are typically measured in microns, with an average size of around 2.0 μm in diameter and 8 μm in length.
- The majority of bacteria have a monomorphic shape, but some can be pleomorphic.
- The shapes of typical prokaryotic cells include coccus, bacillus (including coccobacillus), and spiral forms such as vibrio, spirillum, and spirochete.
- Spirilla are rigid, short/thick, loosely-coiled cells that move via flagella, while spirochetes are flexible, longer/thin, tightly-coiled cells that move via endoflagella.
- Prokaryotic cells can arrange in pairs (diplococci, diplobacilli), clusters (staphylococci), chains (streptococci, streptobacilli), groups of four (tetrads), or cube-like groups of eight (sarcinae).
- The glycocalyx of prokaryotic cells may or may not be present, with two types: capsule (thick, organized, tightly attached to the cell wall) and slime layer (thin, unorganized, loosely attached to the cell wall).
- Flagella in prokaryotic cells are filamentous appendages made of flagellin proteins, allowing for movement and serving as antigens to distinguish different subspecies/strains of bacteria.
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