30 Questions
Why does peptidoglycan act as the rigid layer of the cell envelope?
To confer cell shape
Which antibiotic inhibits the biosynthesis of peptidoglycan?
Penicillin
What is the function of lysozyme in relation to peptidoglycan?
Degrading the glycan chain
Which enzyme is involved in crosslinking the peptidoglycan layer?
Transpeptidase
In which bacterial envelope layer is peptidoglycan mainly found?
Gram-positive cell envelope
What is the role of peptidoglycan during transverse binary fission?
Forming a septum at the cell midpoint
What is the primary mode of reproduction for a vast majority of prokaryotes?
Transverse binary fission
Which term describes the morphology of bacteria that are cylindrical rods?
Bacillus
In terms of their relationship with molecular oxygen, prokaryotes can be classified as...
Anaerobic
Which shape is characteristic of spirochete bacteria?
Flexible helical rod
What is the term used to describe bacterial morphology that is filamentous?
Filaments
Which type of bacteria primarily exhibit budding as a form of reproduction?
Streptomyces spp.
What is the primary composition of pili in bacteria?
Pilin proteins
In Gram-positive bacteria, what type of acids can be found in the thick peptidoglycan layer?
Teichoic and lipoteichoic acids
What component is present in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria?
Lipopolysaccharide
Which structure is exclusive to the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria?
Peptidoglycan wall
What does the decolorizer do during Gram staining of bacteria?
Dissolves the Gram-negative outer membrane
Which bacterium would most likely have a thin peptidoglycan layer?
Escherichia coli (Gram-negative)
What is a defining characteristic of bacterial cell ultrastructure based on the text?
Rigid cell wall composed of peptidoglycan
Which statement accurately contrasts prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell ultrastructure?
Prokaryotic cells lack a true nucleus, unlike eukaryotic cells.
What is the size range of bacteria as mentioned in the text?
1-10 µm
Which type of antibiotics are used as a model to relate macromolecular biosynthesis to antibacterial drug mechanisms of action according to the text?
$eta$-lactam antibiotics
What is a key feature of bacterial cell organization highlighted in the text?
Simplicity in cell organization
Which bacterial species is mentioned as an exception with regard to possessing a rigid cell wall composed of peptidoglycan?
$ extit{Mycoplasma}$ spp.
Penicillin functions as a competitive inhibitor of transpeptidase because it is a structural analog of which compound?
D-alanyl-D-alanine
Which antibiotic class targets the cross-linking of peptidoglycan, leading to inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis?
β-lactam antibiotics
Teichoic acids in gram-positive bacteria are primarily involved in:
Maintaining cell shape
The major region of lipopolysaccharide responsible for endotoxin activity is known as:
Lipid A
Which component of lipoteichoic acids contributes to the somatic (O) serotype antigenicity of gram-positive organisms?
Various sugars and amino acids
The action of lysozyme primarily targets the linkage between which components in bacterial cell walls?
Polysaccharide chains and peptide bridges
Test your knowledge on the structure of bacterial cell walls, including differences between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Explore topics such as pilin proteins, peptidoglycan layer, lipoteichoic acids, lipopolysaccharide, and more.
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