Bacterial Cell Wall Structure Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Why does peptidoglycan act as the rigid layer of the cell envelope?

  • To confer cell shape (correct)
  • To assist in protein synthesis
  • To help with DNA replication
  • To regulate cell metabolism
  • Which antibiotic inhibits the biosynthesis of peptidoglycan?

  • Erythromycin
  • Penicillin (correct)
  • Vancomycin
  • Tetracycline
  • What is the function of lysozyme in relation to peptidoglycan?

  • Synthesis of peptidoglycan
  • Degrading the glycan chain (correct)
  • Preventing osmotic shock
  • Increasing cell wall rigidity
  • Which enzyme is involved in crosslinking the peptidoglycan layer?

    <p>Transpeptidase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which bacterial envelope layer is peptidoglycan mainly found?

    <p>Gram-positive cell envelope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of peptidoglycan during transverse binary fission?

    <p>Forming a septum at the cell midpoint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of reproduction for a vast majority of prokaryotes?

    <p>Transverse binary fission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the morphology of bacteria that are cylindrical rods?

    <p>Bacillus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of their relationship with molecular oxygen, prokaryotes can be classified as...

    <p>Anaerobic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which shape is characteristic of spirochete bacteria?

    <p>Flexible helical rod</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe bacterial morphology that is filamentous?

    <p>Filaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bacteria primarily exhibit budding as a form of reproduction?

    <p>Streptomyces spp.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary composition of pili in bacteria?

    <p>Pilin proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Gram-positive bacteria, what type of acids can be found in the thick peptidoglycan layer?

    <p>Teichoic and lipoteichoic acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What component is present in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria?

    <p>Lipopolysaccharide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is exclusive to the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria?

    <p>Peptidoglycan wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the decolorizer do during Gram staining of bacteria?

    <p>Dissolves the Gram-negative outer membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacterium would most likely have a thin peptidoglycan layer?

    <p>Escherichia coli (Gram-negative)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a defining characteristic of bacterial cell ultrastructure based on the text?

    <p>Rigid cell wall composed of peptidoglycan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately contrasts prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell ultrastructure?

    <p>Prokaryotic cells lack a true nucleus, unlike eukaryotic cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the size range of bacteria as mentioned in the text?

    <p>1-10 µm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of antibiotics are used as a model to relate macromolecular biosynthesis to antibacterial drug mechanisms of action according to the text?

    <p>$eta$-lactam antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of bacterial cell organization highlighted in the text?

    <p>Simplicity in cell organization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacterial species is mentioned as an exception with regard to possessing a rigid cell wall composed of peptidoglycan?

    <p>$ extit{Mycoplasma}$ spp.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Penicillin functions as a competitive inhibitor of transpeptidase because it is a structural analog of which compound?

    <p>D-alanyl-D-alanine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic class targets the cross-linking of peptidoglycan, leading to inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis?

    <p>β-lactam antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Teichoic acids in gram-positive bacteria are primarily involved in:

    <p>Maintaining cell shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The major region of lipopolysaccharide responsible for endotoxin activity is known as:

    <p>Lipid A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of lipoteichoic acids contributes to the somatic (O) serotype antigenicity of gram-positive organisms?

    <p>Various sugars and amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The action of lysozyme primarily targets the linkage between which components in bacterial cell walls?

    <p>Polysaccharide chains and peptide bridges</p> Signup and view all the answers

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