Bacterial Cell Structures and Functions Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the function of chloroplasts in eukaryotic cells?

Photosynthesis

Which organelle in eukaryotic cells is believed to have originated as a captured bacterium?

Mitochondria

What is the role of lysosomes in eukaryotic cells?

Degrading proteins and membranes in the cell and materials ingested by the cell

What is the function of ribosomes in eukaryotic cells?

Synthesizing proteins Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle in eukaryotic cells is responsible for energy production through metabolism?

Mitochondria Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the nucleus in eukaryotic cells?

Controls catalytic activity at ribosomes and protects DNA Signup and view all the answers

What is the main method of reproduction for viruses?

Reproduction occurs by invading a living host cell Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is known as the 'Gatekeeper' of the cell?

Cell membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Golgi complex in a cell?

Package & sort Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for making food in plant cells?

Chloroplast Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the ER in a cell?

Transport network (smooth vs. rough) Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of reproduction mentioned in the text?

Sexual and asexual using spores Signup and view all the answers

What are the key organelles found within eukaryotic cells?

Bacteria, fungi, algae, yeasts Signup and view all the answers

What is the main energy source for Algae?

Light Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells are Protozoa?

Unicellular Signup and view all the answers

How do Protozoa obtain energy?

Feed on bacteria or yeasts, and fungal spores Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of Viruses?

Obligate parasites of other cells Signup and view all the answers

What type of extreme environment do thermohalophiles thrive in?

High salinity lakes, thermal hot springs, deep within Earth’s crust Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristics of eukaryotes?

Multicellular organisms consist of cells with varied functions. Unicellular organisms have cells with the same range of functions. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the plasma membrane in eukaryotic cells?

Covered by cell wall; thin in animal cells and thick in plant cells Signup and view all the answers

Describe the composition of cytoplasm in eukaryotic cells.

Semi-fluid Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of microfilaments and microtubules in eukaryotic cells?

Suspend organelles, give shape, and allow motion Signup and view all the answers

Differentiate between prokaryotes and eukaryotes based on the presence of a nucleus membrane.

Prokaryotes lack a nucleus membrane, while eukaryotes have one. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of flagella in bacteria?

Allows bacterial cell to attach to substrate. Signup and view all the answers

How are bacteria categorized based on their oxygen requirement?

Aerobic (require oxygen) and Anaerobic (does not require oxygen). Signup and view all the answers

What role do mitochondria and chloroplasts play in eukaryotic cells?

Energy generation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the recombinant DNA method?

To exploit bacteria. Signup and view all the answers

Give an example of a bacterium commonly used in biotechnology.

E-coli bacterium. Signup and view all the answers

What are the three shapes of bacteria cells mentioned in the text?

Rod, Spheres, Spirals. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Chloroplasts and Their Functions

Chloroplasts are involved in photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose.
They contain chlorophyll, which captures sunlight and gives plants their green color.
Found primarily in plant cells and some protists.

Origin of Organelles

Mitochondria are believed to have originated from a captured bacterium via endosymbiosis, providing cells with energy processing capabilities.

Role of Lysosomes

Lysosomes act as the cell's waste disposal system, breaking down unwanted materials such as damaged organelles and macromolecules.
They contain digestive enzymes that facilitate the breakdown of waste.

Function of Ribosomes

Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis, translating messenger RNA (mRNA) into polypeptide chains.
They can be free-floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.

Energy Production Organelle

Mitochondria are responsible for energy production through cellular respiration, converting nutrients into ATP (adenosine triphosphate).

Function of the Nucleus

The nucleus serves as the control center of the cell, housing the cell's genetic material (DNA) and regulating gene expression.

Viruses and Reproduction

Viruses reproduce mainly through a method called replication, where they hijack a host cell's machinery to produce new viral particles.

Plasma Membrane as 'Gatekeeper'

The plasma membrane controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell, maintaining homeostasis and protecting the internal environment.

Function of the Golgi Complex

The Golgi complex modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

Photosynthesis in Plant Cells

Chloroplasts are responsible for making food in plant cells through photosynthesis.

Role of the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

The ER is involved in the synthesis of proteins (rough ER) and lipids (smooth ER), as well as detoxifying harmful substances.

Types of Reproduction

The two methods of reproduction are asexual and sexual reproduction, typically found in organisms including bacteria and eukaryotes.

Key Organelles in Eukaryotic Cells

Mitochondria, chloroplasts, lysosomes, ribosomes, Golgi complex, and the nucleus are among key organelles found in eukaryotic cells.

Energy Source for Algae

Algae primarily utilize sunlight as their main energy source, conducting photosynthesis.

Protozoa Characteristics

Protozoa are single-celled eukaryotes that can be classified as heterotrophic or autotrophic, obtaining energy through absorption or engulfing food.

Viruses Characteristics

Viruses are acellular entities that require a host to reproduce and lack independent metabolic processes.

Thermohalophiles' Environment

Thermohalophiles thrive in extreme environments characterized by high temperature and salinity, such as hot springs or salt lakes.

Eukaryotic Characteristics

Eukaryotes have a membrane-bound nucleus, organelles, and a complex cell structure, distinguishing them from prokaryotes.

Microfilaments and Microtubules Function

Microfilaments provide structural support and facilitate cell movement, while microtubules maintain cell shape and assist in intracellular transport.

Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes

Prokaryotes lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotes possess these features.

Flagella in Bacteria

Flagella enable bacterial motility, allowing them to move towards nutrients or away from harmful substances.

Bacterial Oxygen Requirement

Bacteria are categorized based on their oxygen requirement as obligate aerobes, facultative anaerobes, and obligate anaerobes.

Mitochondria and Chloroplasts' Role

Both organelles are involved in energy conversion; mitochondria focus on cellular respiration, while chloroplasts handle photosynthesis in plant cells.

Purpose of Recombinant DNA Method

The recombinant DNA method is used in biotechnology to create genetically modified organisms with specific traits.

Common Biotechnology Bacterium

Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a commonly used bacterium in biotechnology for gene cloning and protein production.

Shapes of Bacteria

Bacteria can be classified into three shapes: bacilli (rod-shaped), cocci (spherical), and spirilla (spiral-shaped).

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Description

Test your knowledge on bacterial cell structures, functions, and their roles in biotechnology. Learn about flagella, aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, and the use of bacteria in recombinant DNA technology. Explore how eukaryotes enslave bacteria for energy generation and as mitochondria and chloroplasts.