21 Questions
Match the following bacterial cell features with their functions:
Flagellum = Used for movement; to propel the cell, some bacteria have more than one Pili (singular pilus) = Spikes that allow the cell to stick to surfaces and transfer genetic material to other cells Plasma membrane = Generates energy and transports chemicals, substances can pass through it Cytoplasm = Gelatinous substance inside the plasma membrane, where genetic material and ribosomes lie inside
Match the following bacterial cell components with their descriptions:
Basal body = Anchors the base of the flagellum, allowing it to rotate Capsule = A layer on the outside of the cell wall, not present in some bacteria Cell wall = A thin layer outside the plasma membrane, made of Peptidoglycan Ribosomes = Where protein is made, small organelles made up of RNA-rich granules
Match the following DNA-related terms with their descriptions:
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) = The genetic material of the bacterial cell Plasmids = Small rings of DNA found in bacterial cells Genetic material = Located inside the cytoplasm, where ribosomes also lie Nucleus = Not present in bacterial cells, genetic material is not enclosed within a membrane
Match the following bacterial cell structures with their functions:
Pili (singular pilus) = Allows the cell to stick to surfaces and transfer genetic material to other cells Basal body = Anchors the base of the flagellum, allowing it to rotate Capsule = Provides an extra protective layer on the outside of the cell wall Ribosomes = Where protein is made in bacterial cells
Match the following bacterial cell components with their locations:
Cytoplasm = Gelatinous substance inside the plasma membrane, where genetic material and ribosomes lie inside Plasma membrane = Located within the cell wall, generates energy and transports chemicals Ribosomes = Located inside the cytoplasm, where protein synthesis occurs Cell wall = A thin layer outside the plasma membrane, made of Peptidoglycan
Match the following bacterial cell structures with their characteristics:
Flagellum = Used for movement; to propel the cell, some bacteria have more than one Pili (singular pilus) = Spikes that allow the cell to stick to surfaces and transfer genetic material to other cells Capsule = An outer layer on some bacterial cells that provides protection Basal body = Anchors the base of the flagellum, allowing it to rotate
Match the following bacterial cell components with their properties:
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) = Contains the genetic material of the bacterial cell Plasma membrane = Allows substances to pass through and generates energy for the cell Cell wall = Provides structural support and protection for the bacterial cell Ribosomes = Where protein synthesis occurs in bacterial cells
What are the main differences between bacterial cells and plant or animal cells?
Bacterial cells have no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles except for ribosomes, while plant and animal cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles such as mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum.
What are the components of a bacterial cell?
The components of a bacterial cell include basal body, capsule, cell wall, DNA (including plasmids), cytoplasm, flagellum, pili, plasma membrane, and ribosomes.
What is the function of the basal body in a bacterial cell?
The basal body anchors the base of the flagellum, allowing it to rotate and facilitating movement.
What is the role of the capsule in a bacterial cell?
The capsule is a layer on the outside of the cell wall, providing protection and adherence to surfaces. Not all bacteria have a capsule.
What is the composition of the bacterial cell wall?
The cell wall is a thin layer (membrane) outside the plasma membrane, made of peptidoglycan.
Where is the genetic material located within a bacterial cell?
The genetic material, including DNA and plasmids, is located in the cytoplasm, along with ribosomes.
What is the function of pili in a bacterial cell?
Pili allow the cell to stick to surfaces and transfer genetic material to other cells.
What are the main differences between bacterial cells and plant or animal cells?
Bacterial cells have no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles, except for ribosomes. They have cell walls made of peptidoglycan, while plant cells have cell walls made of cellulose and animal cells do not have cell walls.
Where is the genetic material located within a bacterial cell?
The genetic material, DNA, is located in small rings called plasmids, and the ribosomes lie inside the cytoplasm.
What is the function of pili in a bacterial cell?
Pili allow the cell to stick to surfaces and transfer genetic material to other cells.
What is the role of the capsule in a bacterial cell?
The capsule is a layer on the outside of the cell wall, providing protection and allowing some bacteria to evade the host's immune system.
What is the composition of the bacterial cell wall?
The bacterial cell wall is composed of peptidoglycan, a thin layer outside the plasma membrane.
What is the function of the basal body in a bacterial cell?
The basal body anchors the base of the flagellum, allowing it to rotate and propel the cell for movement.
What is the function of the plasma membrane in a bacterial cell?
The plasma membrane generates energy and transports chemicals, and substances can pass through it. It is located within the cell wall.
Study Notes
Bacterial Cell Components
- Basal body: involved in the formation of flagella
- Capsule: protects the bacterium from the host's immune system and dehydration
- Bacterial cell wall: composed of peptidoglycan (also known as murein), provides rigidity and maintains cell shape
- Pili (fimbriae): involved in bacterial conjugation, biofilm formation, and adhesion to surfaces
- Plasma membrane: selectively permeable, regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell
- Genetic material: located in the nucleoid region, consists of a single circular chromosome made of DNA
Differences between Bacterial Cells and Plant or Animal Cells
- Lack of membrane-bound organelles (e.g., nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts)
- Peptidoglycan cell wall (versus cellulose in plants or chitin in fungi)
- Single circular chromosome (versus linear chromosomes in eukaryotes)
- Typically smaller in size compared to eukaryotic cells
Test your knowledge about the structure of bacterial cells with this quiz. Learn about the unique features of bacterial cells such as the absence of nucleus, presence of ribosomes, cell capsule, pili, flagella, and more.
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