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Questions and Answers

Which component provides strength to bacterial cell walls?

Lipopolysaccharide

Teichoic acids

S-layer

Peptidoglycan (correct)

What is the function of lysozyme in bacterial cell walls?

Strengthens cell walls

Hydrolyzes lipopolysaccharide

Facilitates transport of solutes

Hydrolyzes peptidoglycan (correct)

Which type of cell walls have teichoic acids and are thicker?

Gram-negative

Cell walls lack teichoic acids

Gram-positive (correct)

Archaeal

What do Archaeal cell envelopes lack?

Peptidoglycan Signup and view all the answers

In which type of cell envelopes is the lipopolysaccharide layer found?

Gram-negative Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Lipid A in lipopolysaccharide?

Acts as an endotoxin Signup and view all the answers

Where are hydrolytic enzymes and transport proteins located in bacterial and archaeal cells?

Periplasm Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of porins in the outer membrane of bacterial and archaeal cells?

Transport small hydrophilic molecules Signup and view all the answers

What provides strength and protection to bacterial and archaeal cells?

S-layer Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of transport proteins in bacterial and archaeal cells?

Move solutes against concentration gradient Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cell wall in bacterial and archaeal cells?

Prevent lysis Signup and view all the answers

What classification system distinguishes bacteria as Gram-positive or Gram-negative?

Gram staining Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of bacterial capsules and slime layers?

Assist in attachment to surface, role in development and maintenance of biofilms, contribute to infectivity, prevent dehydration/desiccation Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of pili and fimbriae in bacteria?

Facilitate genetic exchange between cells, stick to cell surface or biofilms Signup and view all the answers

What do inclusion bodies in bacteria store?

Carbon storage polymers, polyphosphate, sulfur, and other minerals Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of gas vesicles in floating cells?

Control buoyancy in the water column Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of magnetosomes in magnetotactic bacteria?

Act as an internal magnet to orient within magnetic field Signup and view all the answers

What are endospores in bacteria?

Specialized spores – survival structures to endure unfavorable growth conditions Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of cell motility in microbes?

To find food or run away from hostile environments Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of flagella in bacteria?

For propulsion Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of chemotaxis in bacteria?

Directed movement in response to chemicals Signup and view all the answers

What happens to bacterial cells in the absence of a chemical gradient during chemotaxis?

They move in a random fashion Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of measuring chemotaxis in bacteria using a capillary tube?

To screen nutrients for their preference by bacteria Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of sense attractants and repellents with chemoreceptors in E. coli?

To respond to chemicals Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cytoplasmic membrane?

Permeability barrier for polar and charged molecules Signup and view all the answers

What type of linkage is present in the phospholipids of archaea?

Ether linkage Signup and view all the answers

Which structure confers structural strength to prokaryotic cells?

Cell wall Signup and view all the answers

What type of proteins are embedded in the cytoplasmic membrane?

Integral membrane proteins Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Bacterial and Archaeal Cell Envelope Structures

Transport proteins move solutes against concentration gradient
Cell wall withstands osmotic pressure to prevent lysis
Gram staining classifies bacteria as Gram-positive or Gram-negative
Peptidoglycan provides strength to bacterial cell walls
Lysozyme hydrolyzes peptidoglycan in bacterial cell walls
Gram-positive cell walls have teichoic acids and are thicker
Archaeal cell envelopes lack peptidoglycan and may have S-layer or pseudomurein
Gram-negative cell envelopes have lipopolysaccharide layer
Lipid A in lipopolysaccharide is an endotoxin
Periplasm contains hydrolytic enzymes and transport proteins
Porins in outer membrane transport small hydrophilic molecules
S-layers provide strength and protection to bacterial and archaeal cells

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Description

Test your knowledge of bacterial and archaeal cell envelope structures with this quiz. Learn about transport proteins, cell wall composition, Gram staining, peptidoglycan, lipopolysaccharide, periplasm, and S-layers.