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Questions and Answers
Match the bacterial infection with the bacteria that causes it:
Match the bacterial infection with the bacteria that causes it:
Staph infections = Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcal infections = Streptococcus E.coli infections = Escherichia coli Salmonella infections = Salmonella
Match the bacterial infection with its possible symptom:
Match the bacterial infection with its possible symptom:
Pneumococcal infections = Difficulty breathing Staph infections = Fever E.coli infections = Diarrhea Salmonella infections = Fatigue
Match the bacterial infection with its possible cause:
Match the bacterial infection with its possible cause:
Pneumococcal infections = Contaminated water Staph infections = Contact with infected people E.coli infections = Contaminated food Salmonella infections = Contact with surfaces
Match the bacterial infection with its possible treatment:
Match the bacterial infection with its possible treatment:
Match the prevention method with the bacterial infection it prevents:
Match the prevention method with the bacterial infection it prevents:
Match the bacterial infection with its possible complication:
Match the bacterial infection with its possible complication:
Match the bacterial infection with its mode of transmission:
Match the bacterial infection with its mode of transmission:
Match the bacterial infection with its type of bacteria:
Match the bacterial infection with its type of bacteria:
Match the bacterial infection with its possible consequence:
Match the bacterial infection with its possible consequence:
Match the prevention method with the bacterial infection it prevents:
Match the prevention method with the bacterial infection it prevents:
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Study Notes
Bacteria
- Unicellular microorganisms that are prokaryotic, lacking a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles
- Genetic material is located in a single circular chromosome in the cytoplasm
- Come in various shapes and sizes, including:
- Coccus: spherical or ovoid shaped (e.g. Streptococcus and Staphylococcus)
- Bacillus: rod-shaped (e.g. Escherichia coli and Salmonella)
- Spirillum: spiral-shaped (e.g. Vibrio cholerae and Helicobacter pylori)
Structure of Bacteria
- Cell wall: rigid outer layer providing shape and support, made up of peptidoglycan
- Cell membrane: semi-permeable membrane separating cytoplasm from environment
- Cytoplasm: gel-like substance containing genetic material, ribosomes, and other cellular machinery
- Flagella: long, whip-like structures enabling movement (in some bacteria)
- Pili: short, hair-like structures for attachment to surfaces and other cells (in some bacteria)
- Capsule: protective layer surrounding cell wall, helping to evade host's immune system (in some bacteria)
Classification of Bacteria
- Classified into different groups based on physical and biochemical characteristics
- Main groups of bacteria include:
- Gram-positive bacteria: thick peptidoglycan layer in cell wall, staining purple with Gram stain
- Gram-negative bacteria: thinner peptidoglycan layer in cell wall, staining pink with Gram stain
- Cyanobacteria: photosynthetic, using chlorophyll to convert light energy into organic compounds
- Spirochetes: spiral-shaped, responsible for diseases such as syphilis and Lyme disease
- Chlamydia: obligate intracellular parasites, responsible for diseases such as chlamydia and trachoma
- Actinobacteria: filamentous structure, producing antibiotics such as streptomycin and tetracycline
Bacterial Infections
- Caused by harmful bacteria invading the human body and causing symptoms ranging from mild to severe
- Can affect any part of the body, including skin, respiratory system, urinary tract, gastrointestinal tract, and bloodstream
- Common types of bacterial infections include:
- Staph infections: caused by Staphylococcus aureus, leading to skin infections, pneumonia, and sepsis
- Streptococcal infections: caused by Streptococcus, leading to strep throat, scarlet fever, and skin infections
- E. coli infections: caused by Escherichia coli, leading to food poisoning, urinary tract infections, and sepsis
- Salmonella infections: caused by Salmonella, leading to food poisoning, gastroenteritis, and typhoid fever
- Pneumococcal infections: caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, leading to pneumonia, meningitis, and sepsis
Prevention and Treatment of Bacterial Infections
- Spread through contact with infected people, contaminated food or water, or contaminated surfaces
- Symptoms include fever, fatigue, inflammation, pain, and difficulty breathing
- Treatment usually involves antibiotics, which must be taken exactly as prescribed and for the full duration
- Prevention can be achieved through good hygiene, avoiding close contact with sick people, and avoiding sharing personal items
- Vaccines are available for some bacterial infections, such as pneumococcal and meningococcal infections
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