Bacteria Structure and Types
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Questions and Answers

Match the bacterial infection with the bacteria that causes it:

Staph infections = Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcal infections = Streptococcus E.coli infections = Escherichia coli Salmonella infections = Salmonella

Match the bacterial infection with its possible symptom:

Pneumococcal infections = Difficulty breathing Staph infections = Fever E.coli infections = Diarrhea Salmonella infections = Fatigue

Match the bacterial infection with its possible cause:

Pneumococcal infections = Contaminated water Staph infections = Contact with infected people E.coli infections = Contaminated food Salmonella infections = Contact with surfaces

Match the bacterial infection with its possible treatment:

<p>Pneumococcal infections = Antibiotics Staph infections = Vaccines E.coli infections = Good hygiene Salmonella infections = Medications</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the prevention method with the bacterial infection it prevents:

<p>Good hygiene = Staph infections Vaccines = Pneumococcal infections Avoiding close contact with sick people = E.coli infections Washing hands regularly = Salmonella infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the bacterial infection with its possible complication:

<p>Pneumococcal infections = Meningitis Staph infections = Sepsis E.coli infections = Urinary tract infections Salmonella infections = Typhoid fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the bacterial infection with its mode of transmission:

<p>Pneumococcal infections = Contact with infected people Staph infections = Contaminated food E.coli infections = Contaminated water Salmonella infections = Contact with surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the bacterial infection with its type of bacteria:

<p>Pneumococcal infections = Streptococcus pneumoniae Staph infections = Staphylococcus aureus E.coli infections = Escherichia coli Salmonella infections = Salmonella</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the bacterial infection with its possible consequence:

<p>Pneumococcal infections = Pneumonia Staph infections = Skin infections E.coli infections = Food poisoning Salmonella infections = Gastroenteritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the prevention method with the bacterial infection it prevents:

<p>Vaccines = Meningococcal infections Good hygiene = Staph infections Avoiding close contact with sick people = E.coli infections Washing hands regularly = Salmonella infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Bacteria

  • Unicellular microorganisms that are prokaryotic, lacking a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles
  • Genetic material is located in a single circular chromosome in the cytoplasm
  • Come in various shapes and sizes, including:
    • Coccus: spherical or ovoid shaped (e.g. Streptococcus and Staphylococcus)
    • Bacillus: rod-shaped (e.g. Escherichia coli and Salmonella)
    • Spirillum: spiral-shaped (e.g. Vibrio cholerae and Helicobacter pylori)

Structure of Bacteria

  • Cell wall: rigid outer layer providing shape and support, made up of peptidoglycan
  • Cell membrane: semi-permeable membrane separating cytoplasm from environment
  • Cytoplasm: gel-like substance containing genetic material, ribosomes, and other cellular machinery
  • Flagella: long, whip-like structures enabling movement (in some bacteria)
  • Pili: short, hair-like structures for attachment to surfaces and other cells (in some bacteria)
  • Capsule: protective layer surrounding cell wall, helping to evade host's immune system (in some bacteria)

Classification of Bacteria

  • Classified into different groups based on physical and biochemical characteristics
  • Main groups of bacteria include:
    • Gram-positive bacteria: thick peptidoglycan layer in cell wall, staining purple with Gram stain
    • Gram-negative bacteria: thinner peptidoglycan layer in cell wall, staining pink with Gram stain
    • Cyanobacteria: photosynthetic, using chlorophyll to convert light energy into organic compounds
    • Spirochetes: spiral-shaped, responsible for diseases such as syphilis and Lyme disease
    • Chlamydia: obligate intracellular parasites, responsible for diseases such as chlamydia and trachoma
    • Actinobacteria: filamentous structure, producing antibiotics such as streptomycin and tetracycline

Bacterial Infections

  • Caused by harmful bacteria invading the human body and causing symptoms ranging from mild to severe
  • Can affect any part of the body, including skin, respiratory system, urinary tract, gastrointestinal tract, and bloodstream
  • Common types of bacterial infections include:
    • Staph infections: caused by Staphylococcus aureus, leading to skin infections, pneumonia, and sepsis
    • Streptococcal infections: caused by Streptococcus, leading to strep throat, scarlet fever, and skin infections
    • E. coli infections: caused by Escherichia coli, leading to food poisoning, urinary tract infections, and sepsis
    • Salmonella infections: caused by Salmonella, leading to food poisoning, gastroenteritis, and typhoid fever
    • Pneumococcal infections: caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, leading to pneumonia, meningitis, and sepsis

Prevention and Treatment of Bacterial Infections

  • Spread through contact with infected people, contaminated food or water, or contaminated surfaces
  • Symptoms include fever, fatigue, inflammation, pain, and difficulty breathing
  • Treatment usually involves antibiotics, which must be taken exactly as prescribed and for the full duration
  • Prevention can be achieved through good hygiene, avoiding close contact with sick people, and avoiding sharing personal items
  • Vaccines are available for some bacterial infections, such as pneumococcal and meningococcal infections

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Description

Learn about the characteristics and types of bacteria, including their cellular structure and various shapes and sizes.

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