chapter 7 questions
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Questions and Answers

Why are bacteria usually small?

  • To enhance their ability to form biofilms
  • To increase their chances of reproduction
  • To facilitate horizontal transfer of genetic material
  • To avoid competition with larger organisms for resources (correct)

What is the primary claim to fame of cyanobacteria?

  • Their ability to perform photosynthesis (correct)
  • Their involvement in horizontal transfer events
  • Their role in the evolution of eukaryotes
  • Their extreme resistance to harsh environments

Why do some scientists consider the tree of life more of a bush?

  • Due to the presence of common ancestors for multiple branches (correct)
  • To reflect the complexity and interconnectedness of different species
  • Because the tree branches out into different evolutionary paths
  • To show the clear separation between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

What promotes genetic diversity in eukaryotes?

<p>Horizontal gene transfer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where did mitochondria come from? What is the evidence?

<p>Evolved from archaea through endosymbiosis; evidence includes their own DNA and double membranes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are extremophiles? Provide examples.

<p>Organisms that can survive in extreme environments; examples include thermophiles and halophiles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process where genetic material is transferred between prokaryotes by a virus?

<p>Transduction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three domains of life?

<p>Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of nutrition for chemoautotrophs?

<p>Chemoautotrophy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are eukaryotic cells usually larger than prokaryotic cells?

<p>To increase surface area to volume ratio (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main defining feature that distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells?

<p>Presence of a nucleus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a unique characteristic of Archaeplastida?

<p>Presence of secondary plastids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the collection of microorganisms in a particular environment such as the human gut?

<p>Microbiota (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do some scientists view the tree of life as more of a bush rather than a single evolutionary line?

<p><em>Due to horizontal gene transfer among different lineages</em> (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of organisms fuel the carbon cycle around hydrothermal vents?

<p>Chemoautotrophs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of transduction, transformation, and conjugation for prokaryotes?

<p>They are mechanisms of genetic exchange between prokaryotes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some examples of extremeophiles?

<p>Methanogens and halophiles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the role of cyanobacteria in a horizontal transfer event?

<p>They transferred genetic material to eukaryotes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary claim to fame of cyanobacteria?

<p>Their contribution to oxygen production via photosynthesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do some scientists consider the tree of life more of a bush?

<p>Because of the complex interconnections and lateral gene transfers between species (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What fuels the carbon cycle around hydrothermal vents?

<p>Chemoautotrophs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What promotes genetic diversity in eukaryotes?

<p>Both vertical and horizontal gene transfer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where did chloroplasts come from and what is the evidence for their origins?

<p>From endosymbiotic cyanobacteria, supported by DNA and structural similarities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the Archaeplastida?

<p>Photosynthetic eukaryotes with primary plastids derived from cyanobacteria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of transduction in prokaryotes?

<p>Horizontal gene transfer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are bacteria usually small?

<p>To facilitate rapid reproduction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of conjugation in prokaryotes?

<p>Promoting genetic diversity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an extremeophile?

<p>An organism that thrives in extreme environmental conditions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary claim to fame of cyanobacteria?

<p>Photosynthesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do some scientists refer to the tree of life as more of a bush?

<p>To emphasize the complex interrelations between different species (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What promotes genetic diversity in eukaryotes?

<p>Mitosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the defining features of eukaryotic cells?

<p>Membrane-bound nucleus and organelles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cyanobacteria were involved in a horizontal transfer event.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The primary claim to fame of cyanobacteria is their ability to form microbial mats.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Transduction, transformation, and conjugation are important processes for promoting genetic diversity in eukaryotes.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mitochondria originated from a horizontal transfer event involving prokaryotes.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The three domains of life are Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Eukaryotic cells are usually smaller than prokaryotic cells.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An extremeophile is an organism that thrives in moderate environmental conditions.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The tree of life is often viewed more as a bush due to the complex and interconnected evolutionary relationships among organisms.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cyanobacteria are examples of extremophiles due to their ability to survive in high temperatures.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Chloroplasts originated from an endosymbiotic event similar to the origin of mitochondria.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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