Bacteria: Prokaryotes on Earth

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Questions and Answers

What is the main characteristic of bacteria mentioned in the text?

  • Large and complex cells
  • Efficient design
  • Simple structure (correct)
  • Presence of organelles

How long can bacteria be compared to eukaryotes based on the text?

  • 10-100µm
  • 1-5µm (correct)
  • 100-200µm
  • 200-300µm

What allowed researchers to better estimate the number of bacterial species present?

  • Growth on artificial media
  • Study of isolated colonies
  • Observation through a microscope
  • Metagenomics analysis (correct)

What is the lifespan of bacteria as the first cells on earth according to the text?

<p>2 Billion Years (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many formally named 'species' of bacteria are mentioned in the text?

<p>10,000 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Microbial communities' composed of bacteria show characteristics similar to which type of organisms according to the text?

<p>Multicellular organisms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cytoplasmic membrane in bacteria?

<p>To direct the entry and exit of molecules (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of the cytoplasmic membrane in bacteria?

<p>Phospholipids and embedded proteins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the genome of a cell?

<p>All the genetic material that a cell contains (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are bacterial genes contained?

<p>Chromosome and plasmids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure of bacterial chromosomes compared to those in eukaryotic cells?

<p>Simpler structure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do plasmids in bacteria often contain genes for?

<p>Environmental tolerances and antibiotic resistances (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of bacterial capsules?

<p>Protect bacteria from drying out and engulfment by other organisms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do interconnected bacteria affect their treatment?

<p>They become more resistant to treatment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common feature of bacterial cells?

<p>Simple structure and lack of organelles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one significant function of stromatolites in the Earth's history?

<p>Generating O2 in the early Earth's atmosphere (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do some bacteria form to aid in reproduction?

<p>Branching structures that produce spores (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it difficult to treat infections caused by plaque on teeth with antibiotics?

<p>Bacteria within plaque are highly interconnected and resistant to treatment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the rapid decrease in population size during the Death Phase of microbial growth?

<p>Cells are dying faster than they can be produced (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does water impact microbial metabolism?

<p>Water allows biochemical reactions to occur (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of high temperatures on microbial enzymes?

<p>Enzymes denature and lose their function (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does C.nivalis appear red in color?

<p>It produces a red pigment that protects from radiation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do Psychrophiles thrive best in terms of temperature?

<p>Refrigerated environments below 10°C (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What initiates the spoiling of milk?

<p><em>Streptococcus</em> spp. growth (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of microbes require an absence of oxygen and will die if any oxygen is present?

<p>Anaerobic microbes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of pathogens can live in both anaerobic and aerobic environments?

<p>Facultative microbes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what type of environment do microaerophilic microbes grow best?

<p>Oxygen-poor environments (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which microorganism can serve as a reservoir/host for mesophilic pathogens based on their growth temperatures?

<p>Thermophiles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the preferred temperature range for mesophiles?

<p>20 to 45°C (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of pathogens are commonly facultative and can live in various environments?

<p>Fecal pathogens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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