30 Questions
What is the main characteristic of bacteria mentioned in the text?
Simple structure
How long can bacteria be compared to eukaryotes based on the text?
1-5µm
What allowed researchers to better estimate the number of bacterial species present?
Metagenomics analysis
What is the lifespan of bacteria as the first cells on earth according to the text?
2 Billion Years
How many formally named 'species' of bacteria are mentioned in the text?
10,000
'Microbial communities' composed of bacteria show characteristics similar to which type of organisms according to the text?
Multicellular organisms
What is the function of the cytoplasmic membrane in bacteria?
To direct the entry and exit of molecules
What is the composition of the cytoplasmic membrane in bacteria?
Phospholipids and embedded proteins
What is the genome of a cell?
All the genetic material that a cell contains
Where are bacterial genes contained?
Chromosome and plasmids
What is the structure of bacterial chromosomes compared to those in eukaryotic cells?
Simpler structure
What do plasmids in bacteria often contain genes for?
Environmental tolerances and antibiotic resistances
What is the role of bacterial capsules?
Protect bacteria from drying out and engulfment by other organisms
How do interconnected bacteria affect their treatment?
They become more resistant to treatment
What is a common feature of bacterial cells?
Simple structure and lack of organelles
What is one significant function of stromatolites in the Earth's history?
Generating O2 in the early Earth's atmosphere
What do some bacteria form to aid in reproduction?
Branching structures that produce spores
Why is it difficult to treat infections caused by plaque on teeth with antibiotics?
Bacteria within plaque are highly interconnected and resistant to treatment
What is the primary reason for the rapid decrease in population size during the Death Phase of microbial growth?
Cells are dying faster than they can be produced
How does water impact microbial metabolism?
Water allows biochemical reactions to occur
What is the consequence of high temperatures on microbial enzymes?
Enzymes denature and lose their function
Why does C.nivalis appear red in color?
It produces a red pigment that protects from radiation
Where do Psychrophiles thrive best in terms of temperature?
Refrigerated environments below 10°C
What initiates the spoiling of milk?
Streptococcus spp. growth
What type of microbes require an absence of oxygen and will die if any oxygen is present?
Anaerobic microbes
Which type of pathogens can live in both anaerobic and aerobic environments?
Facultative microbes
In what type of environment do microaerophilic microbes grow best?
Oxygen-poor environments
Which microorganism can serve as a reservoir/host for mesophilic pathogens based on their growth temperatures?
Thermophiles
What is the preferred temperature range for mesophiles?
20 to 45°C
Which type of pathogens are commonly facultative and can live in various environments?
Fecal pathogens
Explore the world of bacteria, the prokaryotic cells that are among the smallest, simplest, and oldest on Earth. Learn about their simple structure, lack of organelles, and dominance in numbers compared to other organisms. Discover how bacteria have been the first and most common types of cells on Earth for billions of years.
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