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Which structure is found in both bacteria and archaea? (Select all that apply)
Which of the following is unique to archaea?
What process do bacteria use to reproduce?
Which of the following bacteria has a spherical shape?
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What is the main function of endospores in bacteria?
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Which group of bacteria is known for performing nitrogen fixation?
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Methanogens are a type of archaea known for producing:
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Which bacteria are responsible for causing Lyme disease?
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Which of the following bacteria are classified as Gram-negative?
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Archaea are found in extreme environments such as:
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What is a defining characteristic of protists?
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Which of the following is an example of a plant-like protist?
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Which protist causes malaria?
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Which protist moves using pseudopodia?
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Slime molds are classified as:
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What is the primary mode of nutrition in animal-like protists?
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Which of the following describes a protist with a flagellum?
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Diatoms are best known for having:
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Which protist causes African sleeping sickness?
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Which protist group is responsible for red tides?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of all plants?
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What do vascular plants have that non-vascular plants lack?
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Which part of the plant is primarily responsible for photosynthesis?
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What is the main function of xylem in plants?
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Which of the following plants produces seeds but no flowers?
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Which plant group has a dominant gametophyte generation?
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In which plant organ does transpiration primarily occur?
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What is the male reproductive organ in flowering plants called?
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Study Notes
Bacteria and Archaea
- Both bacteria and archaea are prokaryotes which means they lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
- Both possess a plasma membrane, but archaea have ether-linked membrane lipids in their plasma membrane, unique to them.
- Bacteria reproduce through binary fission - an asexual process where the cell divides into two identical daughter cells.
- Coccus-shaped bacteria are spherical. Bacillus-shaped are rod-shaped. Spirillum bacteria have a spiral or helical shape.
- Endospores are dormant, tough, and resistant structures formed by some bacteria to survive harsh conditions.
- Nitrogen fixation is a key process in the nitrogen cycle. Rhizobium bacteria are known for their ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen into a usable form.
- Methanogens - a type of archaea - are known for producing methane gas.
- Borrelia burgdorferi is the bacteria responsible for causing Lyme disease.
- Gram-negative bacteria have a thinner peptidoglycan layer in their cell walls, which stains pink in the Gram stain.
- Archaea can thrive in extreme environments like deep-sea hydrothermal vents and are even found in the human gut.
Protista
- Protists possess a true nucleus, distinguishing them from prokaryotes. However, they are a diverse group.
- Euglena is an example of plant-like protists, they have chloroplasts and can perform photosynthesis.
- Plasmodium is a protist responsible for causing malaria, a disease transmitted by mosquitos.
- Amoeba move by extending cytoplasm projections called pseudopodia - "false feet."
- Slime molds are considered fungus-like protists because they reproduce by forming spores like fungi and obtain nutrients by decomposing organic matter.
- The primary mode of nutrition in animal-like protists is ingestion of other organisms.
- Euglena are known to have a flagellum - a whip-like tail - for movement.
- Diatoms are unicellular algae, they have cell walls made of silica, giving them a distinctive glassy appearance.
- Trypanosoma are responsible for African sleeping sickness, a parasitic disease transmitted by the tsetse fly.
- Dinoflagellates, a group of protists, cause red tides when they bloom in large numbers, these blooms can be toxic.
Plants
- All plants share the characteristic of being autotrophic, meaning they can produce their own food through photosynthesis.
- Vascular plants have specialized tissues called xylem and phloem which transport water and nutrients throughout the plant, unlike non-vascular plants.
- Leaves are the primary site of photosynthesis in plants.
- Xylem's main function is water transportation, while phloem transports sugars and other nutrients.
- Gymnosperms produce seeds but lack flowers, they include conifers like pine trees.
- Mosses are non-vascular plants with dominant gametophyte generation meaning the haploid phase of their lifecycle is the dominant phase.
- Transpiration - the process of water loss from leaves - occurs mainly through tiny pores called stomata.
- The stamen is the male reproductive organ in flowering plants, and it produces pollen.
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Description
This quiz explores the key features and differences between bacteria and archaea, two important groups of prokaryotes. Test your knowledge on their structures, reproduction methods, and significant biological processes like nitrogen fixation. Learn about specific examples such as methanogens and Borrelia burgdorferi.
