Prokaryotes: Bacteria and Archaea

Which characteristic primarily differentiates bacteria from archaea?

Gram-negative bacteria appear purple under a microscope after Gram staining due to their thick peptidoglycan layer retaining the crystal violet dye.

What is the main role of the capsule or slime layer found in some prokaryotic cells?

The movement of prokaryotes is enabled by a structure called the __________.

Match each prokaryotic cell shape with its description:

A bacterium is placed in a hypotonic solution. What structural feature prevents it from bursting?

Sex pili are primarily involved in the motility of prokaryotic cells.

What is the function of fimbriae in prokaryotic cells?

Which of the following lists the structures in order from longest to shortest?

Archaea are known to form endospores under unfavorable conditions to ensure survival.

Why is anthrax considered a likely agent for bioterrorism?

The CDC manages the ______ program to detect potential bioterrorism releases in communities.

Which metabolic strategy is characterized by organisms that obtain energy from sunlight but derive carbon from other organisms?

What is the primary function of the Strategic National Stockpile (SNS) in the context of bioterrorism preparedness?

Match the bacterial disease with the bacteria that causes it:

Obligate anaerobes thrive in environments with high oxygen concentrations.

What is the key role of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the context of plant nutrition and the nitrogen cycle?

What powers the rotation of the flagellum in prokaryotes?

What is the primary function of the hook in a bacterial flagellum?

Archaea are distinct from Bacteria due to the absence of ______ in their cell walls.

Gram-positive bacteria have four rings in their flagellar basal body, while Gram-negative bacteria have two.

Match the following archaeal groups with their primary characteristics:

Which of the following is a function of flagella in prokaryotes?

Methanogens are classified as obligate anaerobes. What does this imply about their metabolic processes?

What is the term for the movement of prokaryotes towards or away from chemical stimuli?

In commensalism, both interacting species benefit from the relationship.

What is the function of plasmids in prokaryotic cells?

How do biofilms contribute to the survival and persistence of microbial communities?

The harmless populations of microorganisms that prevent harmful ones from flourishing are referred to as ______.

During bacterial conjugation, the donor cell (F+) transfers the F plasmid to the recipient cell (F-) through a structure called a ______.

Which of the following describes transduction in bacteria?

Match the following prokaryotic roles with their corresponding ecological or industrial applications:

Which of Koch's postulates is best described by the microorganism causing the same disease when introduced to a healthy host?

What do autotrophs use for carbon source?

Exotoxins, unlike endotoxins, are only released upon the death of a bacterial cell.

How does the presence of an alkaline sheath benefit Helicobacter pylori in the stomach?

The horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes is often facilitated by ______ during conjugation.

Match the following terms with its description regarding antibiotic resistance: