Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is a primary action of the middle fibers of the trapezius muscle?
Which of the following is a primary action of the middle fibers of the trapezius muscle?
- Retracting the scapula (correct)
- Rotating the scapula inferiorly
- Depressing the scapula
- Elevating the scapula
The trapezius muscle has its origin at which of the following locations?
The trapezius muscle has its origin at which of the following locations?
- Lateral third of the clavicle
- Floor of the intertubercular groove of the humerus
- Acromion and spine of the scapula
- Spinous processes from C7 to T12 vertebrae (correct)
Which nerve provides primary motor innervation to the latissimus dorsi muscle?
Which nerve provides primary motor innervation to the latissimus dorsi muscle?
- Thoracodorsal nerve (correct)
- Transverse cervical nerve
- Ventral rami of C3 and C4 spinal nerves
- Accessory nerve (CN XI)
The latissimus dorsi muscle inserts into the:
The latissimus dorsi muscle inserts into the:
Which of the following best describes the action of the upper fibers of the trapezius muscle?
Which of the following best describes the action of the upper fibers of the trapezius muscle?
Which of the following is NOT considered a superficial muscle of the back?
Which of the following is NOT considered a superficial muscle of the back?
What is the functional significance of the trapezius muscle's action of rotating the scapula superiorly?
What is the functional significance of the trapezius muscle's action of rotating the scapula superiorly?
Which of the following arterial supplies does the latissimus dorsi receive?
Which of the following arterial supplies does the latissimus dorsi receive?
Which action is NOT associated with the levator scapulae muscle?
Which action is NOT associated with the levator scapulae muscle?
The thoracolumbar fascia's anterior layer is known to form which structure?
The thoracolumbar fascia's anterior layer is known to form which structure?
Which of the following muscles is innervated by the ventral rami of C3 and C4 spinal nerves and the dorsal scapular nerve?
Which of the following muscles is innervated by the ventral rami of C3 and C4 spinal nerves and the dorsal scapular nerve?
What muscular structure forms the floor of the lumbar triangle (of Petit)?
What muscular structure forms the floor of the lumbar triangle (of Petit)?
Which muscle is responsible for the depression of ribs?
Which muscle is responsible for the depression of ribs?
The erector spinae muscles are generally innervated by which structures?
The erector spinae muscles are generally innervated by which structures?
The triangle of auscultation is best suited for listening to thoracic sounds due to the absence of overlying muscles. Which of the following lists the borders of the triangle of auscultation correctly?
The triangle of auscultation is best suited for listening to thoracic sounds due to the absence of overlying muscles. Which of the following lists the borders of the triangle of auscultation correctly?
Which muscles, when contracting bilaterally, facilitate the extension of the head and neck?
Which muscles, when contracting bilaterally, facilitate the extension of the head and neck?
What action is associated with the rhomboid muscles as a whole?
What action is associated with the rhomboid muscles as a whole?
Which layer of deep back muscles is ONLY present in the cervical and upper thoracic regions?
Which layer of deep back muscles is ONLY present in the cervical and upper thoracic regions?
Which column of the Erector Spinae muscle is the largest?
Which column of the Erector Spinae muscle is the largest?
The serratus posterior superior muscle inserts into which part of the ribs?
The serratus posterior superior muscle inserts into which part of the ribs?
Which of the following does NOT contain the medial border of the scapula?
Which of the following does NOT contain the medial border of the scapula?
What is the primary blood supply for the rhomboid muscles?
What is the primary blood supply for the rhomboid muscles?
The lateral column of the erector spinae, iliocostalis, is divided into regional subdivisions based on location and/or superior attachment including all EXCEPT which?
The lateral column of the erector spinae, iliocostalis, is divided into regional subdivisions based on location and/or superior attachment including all EXCEPT which?
What is the primary action of bilateral contraction of the transversospinalis muscles?
What is the primary action of bilateral contraction of the transversospinalis muscles?
Which component of the transversospinalis muscle spans the greatest number of vertebrae?
Which component of the transversospinalis muscle spans the greatest number of vertebrae?
Which of the following actions do the intertransversarii muscles primarily perform?
Which of the following actions do the intertransversarii muscles primarily perform?
Which muscle is largest in terms of mass on the back of the neck?
Which muscle is largest in terms of mass on the back of the neck?
What distinguishes the rotatores from the other components of the transversospinalis muscles?
What distinguishes the rotatores from the other components of the transversospinalis muscles?
The levatores costarum muscles are involved in which action?
The levatores costarum muscles are involved in which action?
Which of the following statements about the multifidus muscle is true?
Which of the following statements about the multifidus muscle is true?
Which muscle originates from the spinous process of C2?
Which muscle originates from the spinous process of C2?
What is the role of the interspinales muscles?
What is the role of the interspinales muscles?
Which of the following suboccipital muscles is located medially?
Which of the following suboccipital muscles is located medially?
Which muscle is primarily responsible for elevating the head and providing lateral flexion?
Which muscle is primarily responsible for elevating the head and providing lateral flexion?
Which of these muscles lies deep to the semispinalis in the thoracic region?
Which of these muscles lies deep to the semispinalis in the thoracic region?
What type of contraction occurs during flexion of the spine as controlled by transversospinalis muscles?
What type of contraction occurs during flexion of the spine as controlled by transversospinalis muscles?
What is the primary nerve supply for the suboccipital muscles?
What is the primary nerve supply for the suboccipital muscles?
Flashcards
Superficial back muscles
Superficial back muscles
Muscles that attach to the bones of the upper limb, including the clavicle, scapula, and proximal humerus.
Intermediate back muscles
Intermediate back muscles
Muscles that attach to the ribs and help with breathing.
Deep back muscles
Deep back muscles
Muscles that primarily control movements of the vertebral column and head.
Trapezius
Trapezius
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Latissimus dorsi
Latissimus dorsi
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Trapezius actions
Trapezius actions
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Latissimus dorsi actions
Latissimus dorsi actions
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Combined Trapezius & Latissimus dorsi action
Combined Trapezius & Latissimus dorsi action
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Thoracolumbar Fascia
Thoracolumbar Fascia
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Lumbar Thoracolumbar Fascia
Lumbar Thoracolumbar Fascia
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Posterior Layer of Thoracolumbar Fascia
Posterior Layer of Thoracolumbar Fascia
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Intermediate Layer of Thoracolumbar Fascia
Intermediate Layer of Thoracolumbar Fascia
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Anterior Layer of Thoracolumbar Fascia
Anterior Layer of Thoracolumbar Fascia
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Quadratus Lumborum
Quadratus Lumborum
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Levator Scapulae
Levator Scapulae
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Rhomboid Muscles
Rhomboid Muscles
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Triangle of Auscultation
Triangle of Auscultation
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Lumbar Triangle of Petit
Lumbar Triangle of Petit
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Serratus Posterior Superior
Serratus Posterior Superior
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Serratus Posterior Inferior
Serratus Posterior Inferior
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Spinotransversales Muscles
Spinotransversales Muscles
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Erector Spinae Muscles
Erector Spinae Muscles
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Splenius Capitis
Splenius Capitis
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Transversospinalis muscles
Transversospinalis muscles
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Semispinalis muscles
Semispinalis muscles
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Multifidus muscles
Multifidus muscles
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Rotatores muscles
Rotatores muscles
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Intertransversarii muscles
Intertransversarii muscles
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Interspinales muscles
Interspinales muscles
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Levatores costarum muscles
Levatores costarum muscles
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Suboccipital muscles
Suboccipital muscles
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Suboccipital triangle
Suboccipital triangle
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Greater occipital nerve
Greater occipital nerve
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Iliocostalis muscle
Iliocostalis muscle
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Longissimus muscle
Longissimus muscle
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Spinalis muscle
Spinalis muscle
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Splenius capitis muscle
Splenius capitis muscle
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Study Notes
Back Muscles
- Back muscles are divided into three groups: superficial, intermediate, and deep.
- Superficial group: Muscles insert into upper limb bones (e.g., clavicle, scapula, humerus).
- Intermediate group: Muscles attach to ribs, acting as accessory respiratory muscles.
- Deep group: Muscles involved in vertebral column and head movements (intrinsic back muscles).
Superficial Back Muscles
- Trapezius:
- Origin: Superior nuchal line, occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes (C7-T12).
- Insertion: Lateral clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula.
- Nerve supply: Accessory nerve (CN XI), C3 and C4 spinal nerves (sensory/proprioceptive).
- Blood supply: Transverse cervical artery, Descending scapular artery, Posterior intercostal artery.
- Action: Stabilizes scapula, upper fibers elevate, middle fibers retract, lower fibers depress. Superior and inferior fibers rotate scapula.
- Latissimus Dorsi:
- Origin: Spinous processes (T7-L5), iliac crest, lower ribs, inferior angle of scapula (via thoracolumbar fascia).
- Insertion: Passes superiorly/laterally, wraps around teres major, inserts into intertubercular groove of humerus.
- Nerve supply: Thoracodorsal nerve (brachial plexus).
- Blood supply: Thoracodorsal artery, Descending scapular artery, Transverse cervical artery.
- Action: Extends, adducts, and medially rotates arm.
- Levator Scapulae:
- Origin: Transverse processes (C1-C4).
- Insertion: Medial border of scapula (superior angle to root of spine).
- Nerve supply: C3-C4 spinal nerves, dorsal scapular nerve (brachial plexus).
- Blood supply: Transverse cervical artery, Descending scapular artery, Posterior intercostal artery.
- Action: Stabilizes scapula and elevates it.
- Rhomboid Muscles (Minor & Major):
- Origin & Insertion: Specific vertebrae (C7-T5) and medial scapular border (minor: root of spine, major: root of spine to inferior angle).
- Nerve supply: Dorsal scapular nerve (brachial plexus).
- Blood supply: Transverse cervical artery, Descending scapular artery.
- Action: Stabilize scapula, retract scapula, and inferiorly rotate.
Triangles Associated with Superficial Back Muscles
- Triangle of auscultation: Bounded by latissimus dorsi, trapezius, and medial scapular border; suitable for lung sound listening.
- Lumbar triangle: Bounded by latissimus dorsi, external oblique, and iliac crest; potentially a site for lumbar hernias.
Intermediate Back Muscles
- Serratus posterior superior:
- Origin: Ligamentum nuchae and spinous processes (C7-T3).
- Insertion: Inferolaterally into ribs (2-5).
- Nerve supply: Intercostal nerves (T2-T5).
- Blood supply: Posterior intercostal arteries.
- Action: Elevates ribs.
- Serratus posterior inferior:
- Origin: Spinous processes (T11-L3).
- Insertion: Superolaterally into ribs (9-12).
- Nerve supply: Intercostal nerves (T9-T12), subcostal nerve.
- Blood supply: Posterior intercostal arteries.
- Action: Depresses ribs.
Deep Back Muscles
- Innervated by dorsal rami of spinal nerves.
- Divided into layers: superficial (splenius), intermediate (erector spinae), and deep (transversospinalis).
- Detailed descriptions of the individual muscles (splenius, erector spinae, transversospinalis, semispinalis, multifidus, rotatores) and their actions/anchors are further delineated in the original text.
- Specific details for suboccipital muscles (rectus capitis posterior major, minor, obliquus capitis inferior, superior) and their involvement in head movement, along with the suboccipital triangle and the greater occipital nerve, are described.
- Other muscles (intertransversarii, interspinales, levatores costarum) and their functions are also included.
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Description
Explore the different groups of back muscles, including superficial, intermediate, and deep categories. Delve into specific muscles like the trapezius and latissimus dorsi, their origins, insertions, and actions. Test your knowledge of anatomy and muscle function.
