Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following structures is NOT visible in a posterior view of the scapula?
Which of the following structures is NOT visible in a posterior view of the scapula?
What is the name of the joint that connects the acromion process to the clavicle?
What is the name of the joint that connects the acromion process to the clavicle?
Which of the following structures is most commonly fractured in the body?
Which of the following structures is most commonly fractured in the body?
What is the name of the groove that runs between the greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus?
What is the name of the groove that runs between the greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus?
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Where is the radial nerve located in relation to the humerus?
Where is the radial nerve located in relation to the humerus?
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Which muscle is responsible for retraction of the scapula and is supplied by the spinal accessory nerve?
Which muscle is responsible for retraction of the scapula and is supplied by the spinal accessory nerve?
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Which of the following muscles is NOT involved in the extension of the vertebral column?
Which of the following muscles is NOT involved in the extension of the vertebral column?
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What is the name of the deep fascia that covers the muscles of the back?
What is the name of the deep fascia that covers the muscles of the back?
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Which of the following muscles is located in the suboccipital triangle?
Which of the following muscles is located in the suboccipital triangle?
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Which of the following describes the action of the serratus posterior inferior muscle?
Which of the following describes the action of the serratus posterior inferior muscle?
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Which of the following nerves supplies the rhomboid major and minor muscles?
Which of the following nerves supplies the rhomboid major and minor muscles?
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Which of the following actions is NOT performed by the latissimus dorsi muscle?
Which of the following actions is NOT performed by the latissimus dorsi muscle?
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What is the name of the joint formed between the glenoid fossa of the scapula and the head of the humerus?
What is the name of the joint formed between the glenoid fossa of the scapula and the head of the humerus?
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Study Notes
Back Muscles and Associated Structures
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Superficial Fascia and Deep Fascia: Skin rests on superficial fascia, which contains subcutaneous fat. Beneath is deep fascia, covering muscles.
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Intrinsic Back Muscles:
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Trapezius:
- Most superficial back muscle.
- Originates from the ligamentum nuchae and spinal processes.
- Unique: innervated by cranial nerve 11 (spinal accessory nerve).
- Inserts on the scapula (spine, acromion, lateral 1/3 clavicle).
- Functions: Elevation, depression, retraction, and rotation of the scapula.
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Rhomboids (minor and major):
- Powerful retractors of the scapula.
- Innervated by the dorsal scapular nerve.
- Insert on the medial border of the scapula.
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Serratus Posterior Superior and Inferior:
- Involved in respiration.
- Serratus posterior superior elevates ribs; serratus posterior inferior depresses ribs.
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Latissimus Dorsi:
- Large, broad muscle responsible for extension, internal rotation, and adduction of the arm.
- Innervated by the thoracodorsal nerve.
- Plays a role in accessory respiration.
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Trapezius:
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Deep Back Muscles:
- Transversospinalis: Extends from transverse processes to spinous processes.
- Spinalis, Longissimus, Iliocostalis: Major extensors of the vertebral column.
Suboccipital Triangle
- Contains the vertebral artery and suboccipital nerve (C1).
- Floor: Atlanto-occipital membrane; roof: semispinalis capitis muscle.
Scapula and Humerus Anatomy
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Subscapularis: Located on the subscapular fossa of the scapula.
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Suprascapular Notch: Area on the scapula.
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Glenoid Fossa: Receives the head of the humerus, forming the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint.
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Posterior View: Spine is prominent. Lesser tubercle is not visible.
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Anterior View: Greater and lesser tubercles are visible.
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Acromion Process: End of scapula, articulating with the clavicle. AC (acromioclavicular) joint; frequent injury site.
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Grooves (Sulci): Intertubercular sulcus of the humerus; common anatomical grooves.
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Surgical Neck: Common location of humeral fractures.
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Radial Nerve: Passes through the humerus (posterior aspect only)
Clavicle Anatomy (for clarity)
- Acromial End: More delicate than the sternal end, common fracture point.
- Sternal End: Articulates with the sternum.
- Trapezoid Line and Conoid Tubercle: Key anatomical landmarks on the inferior view of the clavicle.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the muscle anatomy of the back, focusing on the intrinsic back muscles and their associated structures. This quiz covers the origins, insertions, functions, and innervations of key muscles such as the trapezius, rhomboids, and latissimus dorsi. Dive into the details and enhance your understanding of back muscle anatomy.
