Back and Neck Muscles Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which muscles of the back are innervated by the intercostal nerves running within the ribcage?

  • Intrinsic back muscles (correct)
  • Superficial back muscles
  • Deep back muscles
  • Intermediate back muscles

Which layer of the intrinsic back muscles is responsible for maintaining posture and controlling movements of the vertebral column?

  • Superficial layer
  • All layers
  • Intermediate layer
  • Deep layer (correct)

Which muscle group is part of the intermediate layer of the intrinsic back muscles?

  • Spinotransverse group
  • Sacropinalis group (correct)
  • Transversospinalis group
  • All of the above

Which muscle is part of the superficial layer of the deep back muscles?

<p>Splenius capitis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle forms the medial column of the erector spinae muscles?

<p>Spinalis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is the superficial member of the transversospinalis muscle group?

<p>Semispinalis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is responsible for extension of the head, cervical spine, and thoracic spine?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is the middle layer of the transversospinalis muscle group?

<p>Multifidus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle group mainly originates from the transverse processes of vertebrae and passes to the spinous processes of more superior vertebrae?

<p>Transversospinalis muscle group (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is the deepest of the three layers of the transversospinalis muscles?

<p>Rotatores (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of muscles in the back specifically act on the vertebral column and maintain posture?

<p>Intrinsic (deep) back muscles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve supplies the trapezius muscle?

<p>Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles in the back connect the axial skeleton (vertebral column) with the superior appendicular skeleton (upper limb)?

<p>Trapezius and latissimus dorsi (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles in the back are commonly designated as superficial respiratory muscles?

<p>Serratus posterior superior and serratus posterior inferior (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles in the back are thin, weak, and more likely proprioceptive rather than motor in function?

<p>Serratus posterior superior and serratus posterior inferior (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles in the back are covered later as the muscles acting on the pectoral girdle?

<p>Superficial extrinsic back muscles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles in the back receive their nerve supply from the anterior rami of cervical nerves and act on the upper limb?

<p>Superficial extrinsic back muscles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles in the back lie deep to the rhomboid muscles?

<p>Serratus posterior superior (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles in the back lie deep to the latissimus dorsi?

<p>Serratus posterior inferior (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles in the back produce and control limb movements?

<p>Superficial extrinsic back muscles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles are responsible for stabilization and lateral flexion of the vertebral column?

<p>Intertransversarii (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles are located deep to the superior part of the posterior cervical region and consist of two rectus capitis posterior and two obliquus muscles?

<p>Suboccipital muscles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles are responsible for extension of the atlanto-occipital joint and rotation of the atlanto-axial joint?

<p>Suboccipital muscles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is responsible for depressing and drawing the lower lip inferiorly, as well as depressing the mandible at the temporomandibular joint?

<p>Platysma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is responsible for lateral flexion of the head and neck during unilateral contraction, and extension of the head and upper neck during bilateral contraction?

<p>Sternocleidomastoid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is innervated by the posterior ramus of C1 and is responsible for extension and rotation of the vertebral column?

<p>Interspinales (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is responsible for lateral flexion of the head and neck during, and elevation of the sternum and clavicle during forced inhalation ?

<p>Sternocleidomastoid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles are part of the deep group of the anterior neck muscles and are innervated by the ventral rami of the cervical spinal nerves?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles in the back are innervated by the ______ running within the ribcage?

<p>intercostal nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is responsible for ______ of the head, cervical spine, and thoracic spine?

<p>extension</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is responsible for ______ and drawing the lower lip inferiorly, as well as depressing the mandible at the temporomandibular joint?

<p>depressing</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle group mainly originates from the transverse processes of vertebrae and passes to the spinous processes of more superior vertebrae?

<p>transversospinalis muscle group</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles are responsible for ______ and lateral flexion of the vertebral column?

<p>stabilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is the ______ member of the transversospinalis muscle group?

<p>superficial</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is the ______ layer of the transversospinalis muscle group?

<p>middle</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is the ______ of the three layers of the transversospinalis muscles?

<p>deepest</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is part of the ______ layer of the deep back muscles?

<p>superficial</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles in the back are ______ later as the muscles acting on the pectoral girdle?

<p>covered</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of muscles in the back produce and control limb movements?

<p>extrinsic back muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle receives its motor fibers from the spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)?

<p>trapezius</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles in the back are part of the deep group of the anterior neck muscles and are innervated by the ventral rami of the cervical spinal nerves?

<p>deep anterior neck muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is responsible for extension and rotation of the vertebral column and is innervated by the posterior ramus of C1?

<p>suboccipital muscle group</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles in the back are responsible for stabilization and lateral flexion of the vertebral column?

<p>intrinsic back muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is the deepest of the three layers of the transversospinalis muscles?

<p>rotatores</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is responsible for extension of the head, cervical spine, and thoracic spine?

<p>erector spinae</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle forms the medial column of the erector spinae muscles?

<p>longissimus</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is responsible for lateral flexion of the head and neck during unilateral contraction, and extension of the head and upper neck during bilateral contraction?

<p>splenius capitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is responsible for depressing and drawing the lower lip inferiorly, as well as depressing the mandible at the temporomandibular joint?

<p>platysma</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles in the back are relatively sparse in the thoracic region and are also called the segmental muscles of the back?

<p>Interspinales, Intertransversarii, Levatores costarum</p> Signup and view all the answers

The interspinales and intertransversarii muscles connect the ______ and ______ processes, respectively.

<p>spinous, transverse</p> Signup and view all the answers

The interspinales muscles are responsible for ______ and ______ of the vertebral column.

<p>extension, rotation</p> Signup and view all the answers

The intertransversarii muscles are responsible for ______ and ______ of the vertebral column.

<p>stabilization, lateral flexion</p> Signup and view all the answers

The levatores costarum muscles assist with respiration in the elevation of ______ and ______ of the column.

<p>ribs, lateral flexion</p> Signup and view all the answers

The four small muscles of the suboccipital region lie deep to the semispinalis capitis muscles and consist of two rectus capitis posterior (major and minor) and two ______ muscles.

<p>obliquus</p> Signup and view all the answers

All four muscles of the suboccipital region are innervated by the ______ ramus of C1, the suboccipital nerve.

<p>posterior</p> Signup and view all the answers

The anterior neck muscles can be divided into two major groups: superficial and ______.

<p>deep</p> Signup and view all the answers

The superficial group of anterior neck muscles contains the ______ and sternocleidomastoid muscles.

<p>platysma</p> Signup and view all the answers

All muscles in the deep group of anterior neck muscles are innervated by the ______ rami of the cervical spinal nerves.

<p>ventral</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is responsible for increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity during inspiration?

<p>Diaphragm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles are part of the superficial layer of the thoracic wall?

<p>External intercostal muscles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles move the rib superiorly during inspiration?

<p>External intercostal muscles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles move the rib inferiorly during expiration?

<p>Internal intercostal muscles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle depresses the domes and increases the volume of the thoracic cavity?

<p>Diaphragm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is responsible for anchoring the upper limb to the trunk?

<p>Pectoral muscles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is responsible for extension and rotation of the vertebral column and is innervated by the posterior ramus of C1?

<p>Serratus posterior superior muscle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle receives its motor fibers from the spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)?

<p>Trapezius muscle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is responsible for depressing the mandible at the temporomandibular joint?

<p>Platysma muscle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is responsible for extension of the head, cervical spine, and thoracic spine?

<p>Splenius cervicis muscle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the main arterial supply of the breast?

<p>Internal thoracic artery (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a venous drainage of the breast?

<p>Hemiazygos vein (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which intercostal nerves innervate the nipple?

<p>2nd to 6th intercostal nerves (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the main arterial supply of the thoracic wall?

<p>Posterior intercostal arteries (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a venous drainage of the thoracic wall?

<p>Internal thoracic veins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerves mainly supply the thoracic wall?

<p>Anterior rami of the upper thoracic spinal nerves (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following arteries is a direct continuation of the internal thoracic artery?

<p>Superior epigastric artery (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which artery is a branch of the external iliac artery and supplies the anterolateral abdominal wall?

<p>Inferior epigastric artery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which veins drain the abdominal wall and run parallel to the arteries mentioned?

<p>Epigastric veins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a vessel of the anterolateral abdominal wall?

<p>Superior intercostal artery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Intercostal Nerves

Innervate the intercostal muscles and levatores costarum muscles.

Intermediate Intrinsic Back Muscles

Semispinalis, multifidus, and rotatores muscles.

Semispinalis and Multifidus Muscles Origin

Mainly originate from transverse processes and pass to spinous processes of vertebrae.

Function of Intrinsic Back Muscles

Acts on the vertebral column and maintains posture.

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Spinal Accessory Nerve (CN XI)

Supplies the trapezius muscle.

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Latissimus Dorsi, Rhomboid, Levator Scapulae Function

Connect the axial skeleton with the upper limb.

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Muscles Acting on Upper Limb innervated by Cervical Nerves

Scalene and prevertebral muscles.

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Rectus Capitis Posterior & Obliquus Muscle Function

Extension of atlanto-occipital joint and rotation of atlanto-axial joint.

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Superficial Anterior Neck Muscles

Platysma and sternocleidomastoid muscles.

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Innervation of Deep Anterior Neck Muscles

Ventral rami of the cervical spinal nerves.

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Intercostal Muscles Function

Moves the rib superiorly during inspiration and inferiorly during expiration.

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Diaphragm Function

Depresses the domes and increases the volume of the thoracic cavity.

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Trapezius Muscle - Function

Anchoring the upper limb to the trunk.

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Main Arterial Supply of Breast

Internal thoracic artery.

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Inferior Epigastric Artery

Branch of the external iliac artery and supplies the anterolateral abdominal wall.

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Superior and Inferior Epigastric Veins

Drain the abdominal wall.

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Study Notes

Back Muscles

  • The intercostal nerves running within the ribcage innervate the intercostal muscles and the levatores costarum muscles.
  • The intermediate layer of the intrinsic back muscles is responsible for maintaining posture and controlling movements of the vertebral column.
  • The semispinalis, multifidus, and rotatores muscles form the intermediate layer of the intrinsic back muscles.
  • The latissimus dorsi muscle is part of the superficial layer of the deep back muscles.
  • The iliocostalis muscle forms the medial column of the erector spinae muscles.
  • The splenius muscle is the superficial member of the transversospinalis muscle group.
  • The semispinalis muscle is responsible for extension of the head, cervical spine, and thoracic spine.
  • The multifidus muscle is the middle layer of the transversospinalis muscle group.
  • The semispinalis and multifidus muscles mainly originate from the transverse processes of vertebrae and pass to the spinous processes of more superior vertebrae.
  • The rotatores muscle is the deepest of the three layers of the transversospinalis muscles.
  • The intrinsic back muscles specifically act on the vertebral column and maintain posture.
  • The spinal accessory nerve (CN XI) supplies the trapezius muscle.
  • The latissimus dorsi, rhomboid, and levator scapulae muscles connect the axial skeleton (vertebral column) with the superior appendicular skeleton (upper limb).
  • The serratus anterior and pectoralis minor muscles are commonly designated as superficial respiratory muscles.
  • The interspinales and intertransversarii muscles are thin, weak, and more likely proprioceptive rather than motor in function.
  • The levator scapulae and rhomboid muscles are covered later as the muscles acting on the pectoral girdle.
  • The muscles receiving their nerve supply from the anterior rami of cervical nerves and acting on the upper limb are the scalene and prevertebral muscles.
  • The splenius muscle lies deep to the rhomboid muscles.
  • The erector spinae muscles lie deep to the latissimus dorsi.
  • The intrinsic back muscles produce and control limb movements.
  • The semispinalis and multifidus muscles are responsible for stabilization and lateral flexion of the vertebral column.

Suboccipital Region

  • The muscles located deep to the superior part of the posterior cervical region consist of two rectus capitis posterior and two obliquus muscles.
  • The rectus capitis posterior and obliquus muscles are responsible for extension of the atlanto-occipital joint and rotation of the atlanto-axial joint.
  • The rectus capitis posterior minor muscle is innervated by the posterior ramus of C1.

Anterior Neck Muscles

  • The anterior neck muscles can be divided into two major groups: superficial and deep.
  • The superficial group of anterior neck muscles contains the platysma and sternocleidomastoid muscles.
  • All muscles in the deep group of anterior neck muscles are innervated by the ventral rami of the cervical spinal nerves.

Thoracic Wall

  • The intercostal muscles are part of the superficial layer of the thoracic wall.
  • The intercostal muscles move the rib superiorly during inspiration.
  • The intercostal muscles move the rib inferiorly during expiration.
  • The diaphragm depresses the domes and increases the volume of the thoracic cavity.
  • The trapezius muscle is responsible for anchoring the upper limb to the trunk.

Arterial Supply

  • The main arterial supply of the breast is the internal thoracic artery.
  • The main arterial supply of the thoracic wall is the internal thoracic artery.
  • The superior epigastric artery is a direct continuation of the internal thoracic artery.
  • The inferior epigastric artery is a branch of the external iliac artery and supplies the anterolateral abdominal wall.
  • The superior and inferior epigastric veins drain the abdominal wall and run parallel to the arteries mentioned.

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