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Questions and Answers
Which vitamin is essential for the breakdown of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins?
Which of the following vitamins plays a crucial role in the production of energy and the synthesis of fatty acids?
Which vitamin is involved in the metabolism of amino acids and the production of hemoglobin?
Which water-soluble vitamin is involved in the maintenance of the nervous system and the synthesis of DNA?
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Which water-soluble vitamin is essential for the synthesis of red blood cells and the production of energy?
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Which of the following water-soluble vitamins is essential for the metabolism of glucose and the production of energy?
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Which water-soluble vitamin is involved in the synthesis of neurotransmitters and the metabolism of amino acids?
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Which water-soluble vitamin is involved in the maintenance of the immune system and the synthesis of DNA?
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Which water-soluble vitamin is involved in the synthesis of fatty acids and the maintenance of the nervous system?
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Which water-soluble vitamin is involved in the synthesis of nucleic acids and the maintenance of the immune system?
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Study Notes
B Vitamins
- Exhibit structural diversity
- Major function: components of coenzymes
Thiamin (Vitamin B1)
- Has energetic functions
- Nourishes the brain
- Food sources: eggs, grains, milk, beans, and nuts
- Name comes from "thio" meaning "sulfur" and "amine" meaning "amine"
Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)
- Known as the yellow vitamin due to its color
- Name comes from its color "Flavin" meaning yellow in Latin and its ribose component
- Involved in oxidation-reduction reactions in which hydrogen atoms are transferred from one molecule to another
- Exist as FAD (Flavin adenine dinucleotide) and FMN (Flavin mononucleotide)
Niacin (Vitamin B3)
- Occurs in food as Nicotinic acid and Nicotinamide
- Involved in oxidation-reduction reactions in which hydrogen atoms are transferred from one molecule to another
- Nicotinic acid is prepared by oxidizing nicotine using nitric acid
Pantothenic Acid (Vitamin B5)
- Found in almost every plant and animal tissue
- Derived from "pantothen" meaning "from everywhere"
- A component of Coenzyme A (CoA), required in the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins
- A component of ACL (acyl carrier protein), a "giant coenzyme molecule" important in the biosynthesis of fatty acids
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine, Pyridoxal, and Pyridoxamine)
- Participate in reactions where amino groups are transferred between molecules
- Important in the metabolism of protein molecules
- Pyridoxine is found in foods of plant origin
- Pyridoxal and Pyridoxamine are found in foods of animal origin
Biotin (Vitamin B7)
- Can be obtained from dietary intake and via biotin-producing bacteria present in the human large intestine
- Participates in carboxylation reactions as a coenzyme
- A biotin-containing enzyme is needed in the conversion of pyruvate to oxaloacetate, a reaction that occurs during protein metabolism
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Description
Test your knowledge on the preferred and alternative names for B vitamins such as Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic acid, and Biotin. Explore their structural diversity and major functions as components of coenzymes.
