Chapter 9+11 B-Cell Development, Activation, and Differentiation Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What are the three broad stages involved in the production of plasma cells and memory B cells?

  • Activation, Maturation, Differentiation
  • Proliferation, Activation, Differentiation
  • Maturation, Differentiation, Proliferation
  • Maturation, Activation, Differentiation (correct)

    • Which stage involves the interaction of mature B cells with antigens?

  • Proliferation
  • Activation (correct)
  • Differentiation
  • Maturation

    • which of the following is correct three broad stages Production of plasma cells and memory B cells ?

  • Generation of mature,immunocompetent B cells (maturation)
  • Activation of mature B cells when they interact with antigen
  • Differentiation of activated B cells into plasma cells and memory B cells
  • All of the above (correct)

    • Which stage involves the development of immunocompetent B cells?

    <p>Maturation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of the antigen-independent maturation phase of B-cell development?

    <p>leave the bone marrow and Mature B cells circulating in the blood and lymph</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to naive B cells in the periphery if they do not encounter soluble protein antigen and activated TH cells?

    <p>They die within a few days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is affinity maturation of B-cell development?

    <p>A+C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if a B cell is activated by an antigen specific to its membrane-bound antibody?

    <p>The specific antigen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Naive B cells in the periphery can survive for a long time even without encountering soluble protein antigen and activated TH cells.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Only about 10% of potential B cells reach maturity and exit the bone marrow during B-cell development.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do Pro-B cells proliferate?

    <p>Bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of IL-7 in B cell development?

    <p>Promotes heavy chain rearrangement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is necessary for a B cell to become fully functional?

    <p>Expression of both IgM and IgD on membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of antigens require B cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation in the periphery?

    <p>A+B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is correct B-cell Activation and Proliferation?

    <p>A+B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of antigen requires B cell direct contact with TH cells for activation?

    <p>Thymus-dependent (TD) antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of antigen elicits a T-independent response and binds to both Ig and innate receptors on B cells?

    <p>Multivalent antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At high antigen concentrations, what is the outcome of mitogenic stimulation for all B cells bearing the relevant innate receptors?

    <p>Elicit a polyclonal, antibody-secreting response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the antibodies produced when B-cell stimulation occurs through the innate receptor only?

    <p>Only a small minority of the antibodies produced will be able to bind directly to the TI-1 antigen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for antigens that bind to both Ig and innate receptors on B cells and elicit a T-independent response?

    <p>T independent (TI) antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of Type 2 thymus-independent (TI-2) antigens?

    <p>They are highly multivalent and bind only to Ig receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ability of TI-2 antigens to activate B cells in the absence of T-cell help attributed to?

    <p>Their remarkably multivalent array of antigenic determinants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the additional characteristic of most naturally occurring TI-2 antigens?

    <p>They have the ability to bind complement fragments C3d</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of mitogenic stimulation for all B cells bearing the relevant innate receptors at high antigen concentrations?

    <p>They do not elicit a polyclonal response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for signal transduction by an activated B-cell receptor?

    <p>Antigen crosslinkage of the BCR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must membrane Ig be associated with to generate a signal for B-cell activation?

    <p>Ig-α/Ig-β</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which components interact with the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs) after antigen crosslinkage of the BCR?

    <p>Members of the Src family of tyrosine kinases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are the cytoplasmic tails of membrane-bound antibodies too short to generate a signal for B-cell activation?

    <p>They are too short to associate with tyrosine kinases and G proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Membrane Ig must be associated with B-cell receptor Ig-α/Ig-β for the initial stages of signal transduction by an activated B-cell receptor (BCR).

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The cytoplasmic tails of membrane-bound antibodies are long enough to generate a signal by associating with tyrosine kinases and G proteins.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Following antigen crosslinkage of the BCR, the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs) interact with members of the Src family of tyrosine kinases, activating the kinases.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Only about 50% of potential B cells reach maturity and exit the bone marrow during B-cell development.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do small foci of proliferating B cells form after antigen-mediated B-cell activation takes place?

    <p>At the edges of the T-cell–rich zone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of the activated B cells with Th cells leaving the foci to the primary follicles?

    <p>Formation of memory B cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to all the activated cells after they migrate to the center of secondary follicles?

    <p>They form the germinal center</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does antigenic challenge leading to a humoral immune response involve a complex series of events?

    <p>Lymph nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is formed at the edges of the T-cell–rich zone after antigen-mediated B-cell activation takes place?

    <p>Small foci of proliferating B cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the activated B cells with Th cells after they develop into memory B cells?

    <p>They differentiate into IgM and IgG isotypes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three important B-cell differentiation events that take place in germinal centers?

    <p>Affinity maturation, class switching, formation of plasma and memory B cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When do germinal centers arise after initial exposure to thymus-dependent antigen?

    <p>Within 7-10 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during the first stage of germinal-center formation?

    <p>Activated B cells undergo intense proliferation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs in the antigen-dependent phase of B-cell development?

    <p>Affinity maturation and class switching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of B cells migrating into germinal centers?

    <p>Rapid cell division and mutation of rearranged immunoglobulin V region genes within the dark zone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes centrocytes within the light zone of germinal centers?

    <p>Increased expression of surface Ig</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must centrocytes do within the light zone to survive?

    <p>Interact with follicular dendritic cells and T helper cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do centrocytes compete with each other to bind within the light zone?

    <p>Antigen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to B cells that fail antigen-mediated selection within germinal centers?

    <p>They die by apoptosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major outcome of the germinal center in the context of B cell development?

    <p>Generation of higher affinity B cells from lower affinity B cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of the encounter with TH cells for B cells within germinal centers?

    <p>Class switching.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fate of B cells bearing high-affinity membrane immunoglobulin within germinal centers?

    <p>They differentiate into memory B cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of CD40L in class switching?

    <p>It is essential for the induction of class switching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome?

    <p>Patients produce IgM but not other isotypes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of TH cells failing to express CD40L?

    <p>Patients fail to generate memory cell populations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of cytokines in class switching?

    <p>They are required for B cells to switch from IgM to other isotypes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Class switching involves the change in the isotype of the antibody produced by the B cell.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Affinity maturation is the decrease in the average affinity of the antibodies produced during B-cell activation.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Thymus-dependent antigens require B cell direct contact with TH cells for activation.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Naive B cells in the periphery can survive for a long time even without encountering soluble protein antigen and activated TH cells.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes a primary response to antigen in the humoral immune system?

    <p>A lag phase and subsequent clonal expansion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of memory B cells?

    <p>Stop dividing and enter the G0 phase of the cell cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of the activation of memory cells by antigen?

    <p>Secondary antibody response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a secondary antibody response from a primary response?

    <p>Several distinguishing features from the primary response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are certain vaccines for measles and mumps not administered to infants before the age of 1 year?

    <p>The maternal IgG acquired by the fetus suppresses the humoral response to the vaccines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of immunizing an infant with measles or mumps vaccine while maternal antibody is still present?

    <p>It results in a low humoral response and inadequate production of memory cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason behind not administering certain vaccines to infants before the age of 1 year?

    <p>The vaccines have been found to be ineffective in eliciting an immune response in infants below the age of 1 year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of maternal IgG acquired by the fetus on the immunization of infants with specific vaccines?

    <p>It suppresses the humoral response, causing inadequate production of memory cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the state of unresponsiveness called when the immune system encounters an antigen?

    <p>Immune tolerance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What plays an important role in the regulation of the immune effector response?

    <p>Antigenic competition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can render an animal tolerant or result in the formation of memory cells upon a previous encounter with antigen?

    <p>Antigenic competition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which components must be regulated heavily in the immune effector response?

    <p>Humoral and cell-mediated branches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a B cell differentiate into after undergoing clonal expansion?

    <p>Antibody-secreting plasma cells and memory B cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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