B-Cell Activation and Anergy

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Which stage of B-cell development involves the rearrangement of heavy and light chains, and the roles of RAG-1, RAG-2, and TdT?

Mature B-cells

Activated B-cells

Naïve B-cells

Immature B-cells (correct)

What is the consequence of failure to achieve central and peripheral tolerance in B-cells?

Enhanced B-cell activation

Increased affinity maturation

Autoimmune diseases (correct)

Decreased somatic hypermutation

Which cell type is responsible for producing antibodies at the highest level during a secondary immune response?

Plasma cells (correct)

Naïve B-cells

Immature B-cells

Memory B-cells

What is the primary function of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) in B-cell activation and differentiation?

Promoting somatic hypermutation Signup and view all the answers

How does the response of a B-cell to a T-independent antigen differ from the response to a T-dependent antigen?

T-dependent antigens require helper T cells for activation Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of B-1 cells?

Preferentially respond to T-independent antigens Signup and view all the answers

Where does the development of B cells occur?

Bone marrow Signup and view all the answers

Which chromosome contains about 60 Variable (V) regions for heavy chain locus?

Chromosome 14 Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which B cells recombine the antibody heavy chain genes to use with other constant (C) genes?

Immunoglobulin class switching Signup and view all the answers

Which cytokines promote the differentiation of B cells into plasma cells and class switching to IgG2, IgG4, IgA, and IgE?

Interleukin-4 (IL-4), Interleukin-5 (IL-5), and Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-β) Signup and view all the answers

Which surface marker characterizes early Pro-B cells in the B cell lineage?

CD19 Signup and view all the answers

What is the main event in the early Pro-B cell stage?

Rearrangement of the heavy chain immunoglobulin genes Signup and view all the answers

What complex is formed when the heavy chain, surrogate light chain, Ig, and Igβ associate with the BCR to resemble the BCR?

Pre-B cell receptor Signup and view all the answers

Which process ensures that a B cell only expresses one of its two copies of the heavy chain genes?

Allelic exclusion Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when a functional light chain is formed in pre-B cells?

RAG gene transcription stops Signup and view all the answers

What triggers an immature self-reactive B cell to become anergic?

Down-regulation of IgM expression Signup and view all the answers

Which cytokines are involved in B-cell activation?

IL-1, IL-4, IL-6, and IFN Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of memory B cells?

Rapidly reactivate upon subsequent encounter with specific antigens Signup and view all the answers

Which surface molecule triggers the activation and division of B cells when bound to CD40L?

CD40 Signup and view all the answers

What type of antigens can activate B cells without requiring T cell help?

Thymus-independent antigens such as bacterial polysaccharides Signup and view all the answers