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Axis Formation in Development

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Questions and Answers

What is the role of the transcription factor Brachyury in bilaterian animals?

Regulating Nodal signaling
Inducing BMP activity
Specifying more-anterior cell identities
Specifying more-posterior cell identities (correct)

Nodal, Wnt, and BMP signaling pathways do not interact with each other for axis formation.

False (B)

What effect does high BMP signaling have on cell fates?

Promotes mesendodermal fates

Regions of the gastrula with the highest synergy of Nodal and Wnt signaling adopt __________ cell fates.

<p>neural</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following signaling pathways with their primary roles in axis formation:

<p>Nodal = Interacts with Wnt for organizing dorsal-ventral axis Wnt = Affects cell fate along the secondary axis BMP = Modifies cell fates through opposing signals Hox genes = Patterns cell fates along the primary axis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Axis formation

A common developmental mode for the establishment of body axes in animals, involving the coordinated regulation of several signaling pathways.

Brachyury

A transcription factor crucial for defining the posterior identity of cells in bilaterally symmetric animals. It plays a key role in specifying the tail end of an organism during development.

Hox genes

A family of genes responsible for patterning cell fates along the entire primary axis, or head-to-tail body axis.

Nodal pathway

A signaling pathway that interacts with Wnt and BMP signaling to regulate cell fate specification along the secondary axis (dorsal-ventral, or back-to-belly).

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BMP protein gradient

A gradient of protein activity established along the dorsal-ventral axis, influencing cell fate decisions.

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Study Notes

Axis Formation in Development

Axis formation uses conserved signaling mechanisms to pattern cell fates.
Brachyury specifies posterior cell identities in bilaterian animals.
Hox genes coordinate cell fate patterning along the anterior-posterior axis.
Nodal, Wnt, and BMP signaling are involved in axis-defining gene regulatory networks.
Wnt and Nodal pathways interact with BMPs to regulate both anterior structures and secondary axis cell fates.
BMP gradient is established via opposing secretion of BMP-blocking proteins (induced by Nodal and Wnt).
This BMP gradient modifies cell fates along the dorsal-ventral axis.
Regions with high Nodal/Wnt signaling (and low BMP) become neural tissue.
High BMP signaling promotes mesendodermal cell fates.

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Description

Explore how axis formation utilizes conserved signaling mechanisms to influence cell fates. Learn about the roles of Brachyury, Hox genes, and various signaling pathways like Wnt and Nodal in defining anterior-posterior and dorsal-ventral axes. This quiz delves into the complexities of gene regulatory networks involved in these critical developmental processes.