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Axis Formation in Development

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Questions and Answers

What role does the transcription factor Brachyury play in cell identity specification?

It regulates BMP activity.
It specifies anterior cell identities.
It interacts with Wnt signaling pathways.
It is essential for more-posterior cell identities. (correct)

Which pathways interact to regulate anterior structures and cell fate specification along the secondary axis?

Hox and FGF signaling pathways.
Nodal and GDF signaling pathways.
Nodal, Wnt, and BMP signaling pathways. (correct)
Wnt and BMP signaling pathways.

How is the gradient of BMP protein activity established in the dorsal-ventral axis?

Through uniform BMP secretion across the gastrula.
Exclusively through Wnt signaling mechanisms.
By direct interaction of Hox genes.
By opposing secretion of BMP-blocking proteins induced by Nodal and Wnt. (correct)

What cellular fate do regions of the gastrula with high synergy of Nodal/Wnt signaling adopt?

<p>Neural cell fates. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does higher BMP signaling have on cell fate specification?

<p>Promotes mesendodermal fates. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Axis Formation

A conserved signaling mechanism that patterns cell fates along the primary (anterior-posterior) and secondary (dorsal-ventral) axes in bilaterian animals.

Brachyury

A transcription factor essential for specifying posterior cell identities in bilaterian animals.

Hox Genes

A family of genes that pattern different cell fates along the entire anterior-posterior axis, like building blocks of the body.

Nodal, Wnt, and BMP Signaling

Signaling pathways that interact to regulate both anterior structures and cell fate specification along the dorsal-ventral axis.

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BMP Gradient

A gradient of BMP protein activity established through the opposing secretion of BMP-blocking proteins induced by Nodal and Wnt, which modifies cell fates across the dorsal-ventral axis.

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Study Notes

Axis Formation in Development

Axis formation in animals is driven by conserved signaling mechanisms.
Brachyury is crucial in specifying posterior cell identities in bilaterian animals.
Hox gene expression patterns cell fates along the anterior-posterior axis.
Nodal, Wnt, and BMP signaling pathways regulate secondary axis (dorsal-ventral).
Wnt and Nodal pathways interact with BMPs to regulate anterior structures and cell fate specification along the secondary axis.
BMP protein activity gradients are established through opposing BMP-blocking proteins.
Nodal/Wnt signaling synergy defines neural cell fates (low BMP activity).
High BMP signaling promotes mesendodermal fates.

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Description

Explore the intricate mechanisms behind axis formation in animals, focusing on the roles of Brachyury, Hox genes, and various signaling pathways. This quiz covers how Nodal, Wnt, and BMP pathways interact and influence cell fate along both the anterior-posterior and dorsal-ventral axes. Test your knowledge on the importance of BMP signaling gradients and their impact on development.