Axial Skeleton and Vertebral Column Quiz
30 Questions
1 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the vertebral column?

  • Facilitating respiratory movements
  • Supporting the skull and trunk (correct)
  • Producing red blood cells
  • Connecting the rib cage to the pelvis
  • Which vertebrae group is located in the neck region?

  • Sacral vertebrae
  • Cervical vertebrae (correct)
  • Thoracic vertebrae
  • Lumbar vertebrae
  • Which curvature is considered a primary curvature?

  • Thoracic curvature (correct)
  • Lumbar curvature
  • Coccygeal curvature
  • Cervical curvature
  • What is the function of intervertebral discs?

    <p>To bind adjacent vertebrae together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many vertebrae comprise the entire vertebral column?

    <p>33</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is characterized by an exaggerated lumbar curvature?

    <p>Lordosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the vertebral foramen form?

    <p>Vertebral canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the coccygeal vertebrae located?

    <p>At the base of the spine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary function of the cervical vertebrae?

    <p>Facilitate movement of the head</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vertebrae are known for having transverse foramina?

    <p>Cervical vertebrae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinctive feature of the lumbar vertebrae?

    <p>Thick, stout body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age do the sacral vertebrae typically fuse to form the sacrum?

    <p>Around age 16</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure forms the posterior wall of the pelvic cavity?

    <p>Sacrum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the pelvis is responsible for supporting the trunk on the lower limbs?

    <p>Pelvic girdle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the opening circumscribed by the pelvic brim?

    <p>Pelvic inlet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many thoracic vertebrae correspond to the pairs of ribs?

    <p>12</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the pelvic outlet?

    <p>To serve as the lower margin of the lesser pelvis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic differentiates the male pelvis from the female pelvis?

    <p>The robustness of the bone structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many pairs of ribs are there in the human thoracic cage?

    <p>12 pairs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of ribs are referred to as false ribs?

    <p>Ribs that do not attach to the sternum independently</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the paranasal sinuses?

    <p>To lighten the anterior portion of the skull</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What separates the delicate brain tissue from the cranial bones?

    <p>The meninges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the eight cranial bones primarily responsible for?

    <p>Enclosing the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is known as the skullcap?

    <p>Calvaria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the foramen magnum?

    <p>It is the opening where the spinal cord enters the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two major parts of the cranium?

    <p>Calvaria and base</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is characteristic of the temporal bone?

    <p>It contains the zygomatic process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone is part of the neurocranium?

    <p>Occipital</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial fossa accommodates the temporal lobes of the brain?

    <p>Middle cranial fossa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the external acoustic pore?

    <p>To allow sound waves to enter the ear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Axial Skeleton

    • The skeleton is divided into two parts: appendicular and axial.
    • Appendicular skeleton includes bones of the upper and lower limbs, and the pectoral and pelvic girdles.
    • Axial skeleton includes the cranium, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum.

    Vertebral Column

    • Physically supports the skull and trunk.
    • Allows movement of the skull and trunk.
    • Protects the spinal cord.
    • Absorbs stresses from walking, running, and lifting.
    • Provides attachment for limbs, thoracic cage, and postural muscles.
    • Consists of 33 vertebrae.
    • Vertebral column has vertebral canal, and intervertebral discs connecting vertebrae together.

    Cervical Vertebrae

    • 7 cervical vertebrae located in the neck.
    • Relatively small.
    • Support the head and allow movement.
    • C1 (atlas) and C2 (axis) have unique structures.
    • Transverse foramina are unique to cervical vertebrae.

    Thoracic Vertebrae

    • 12 thoracic vertebrae in the chest.
    • Each thoracic vertebra connects to ribs.
    • The thoracic cage is a conical structure formed by the thoracic vertebrae, ribs, and sternum.
    • Encloses the heart and lungs.

    Lumbar Vertebrae

    • 5 lumbar vertebrae in the lower back.
    • Thick and stout bodies to support weight of the upper body.

    Sacrum

    • 5 sacral vertebrae fuse into a single bony plate, the sacrum.
    • Posterior wall of the pelvic cavity. Protects pelvic organs.

    Coccyx

    • 4 or 5 tiny coccygeal vertebrae that fuse to form the coccyx.

    Abnormal Spinal Curvatures

    • Scoliosis: abnormal lateral deviation.
    • Kyphosis: exaggerated thoracic curvature (hunchback).
    • Lordosis: exaggerated lumbar curvature (swayback).

    General Structure of a Vertebra

    • Vertebral body: weight-bearing portion.
    • Vertebral foramen: forms the vertebral canal.
    • Vertebral arch: formed by the pedicles and laminae.
    • Spinous process: prominent, palpable extension.
    • Transverse processes: protrusions between lamina and pedicle for soft tissue attachment.

    Intervertebral Discs

    • Cartilaginous pads between the vertebral bodies.
    • Absorb shock and help bind vertebrae together.
    • Enhances spinal flexibility.
    • 23 discs between vertebrae, first between C2-C3, and last between L5-S1.
    • Excessive stress can lead to herniated discs.

    Regional Characteristics of Vertebrae

    • Cervical vertebrae (C1-C7): relatively small, support head and movement, contain transverse foramina.

    Thoracic Cage

    • Thoracic vertebrae, ribs, and sternum form protective conical cage, surrounding the heart and lungs.
    • 12 pairs of ribs, the first 7 connect directly to the sternum via costal cartilage; Ribs 8-10 are false ribs, and 11-12 are floating ribs.

    Sternum

    • Breastbone, anterior to the heart.
    • Divided into three regions: manubrium, body, and xiphoid process.
    • Connects the ribs via costal cartilages to form the rib cage.

    Ribs

    • 12 pairs of ribs.
    • Ribs 1-7 are true ribs, connected to the sternum by costal cartilage.
    • Ribs 8-10 are false ribs, connected to the sternum by a common cartilage.
    • Ribs 11 and 12 are floating ribs, with no sternal connection.

    Skull and Cranial Cavity

    • The skull: most complex part of the skeleton.
    • Composed of 22 bones, sometimes more.
    • Bones are connected by sutures
    • Cranial fossae: depressions in the cranial base that match brain curves.
    • Cranial bones form the cranial cavity, enclosing and protecting the brain.
    • The skull has many cavities, including orbits and paranasal sinuses.

    Cranial Cavities

    • Cranial Cavity (largest cavity): about 1300mL, encloses the brain.
    • Orbits (eye sockets).
    • Nasal cavity.
    • Paranasal sinuses.
    • Oral cavity.
    • Middle and Inner ear cavities.

    Paranasal Sinuses

    • Air-filled cavities within the skull bones.
    • Connected to the nasal cavity, filled with mucus membrane and air..
    • Lighten the skull's weight and give resonance to the voice.
    • Named according to the bones they are in: frontal, maxillary, ethmoid, sphenoid.

    Pelvic Girdle or Pelvis

    • Bowl-shaped structure composed of sacrum, coccyx, and two hip bones.
    • Supports the trunk on the lower limbs.
    • Encloses pelvic viscera. Including the lower colon, urinary bladder, and reproductive organs.
    • Greater pelvis: a broader upper region, forming walls of the lower abdominal cavity.
    • Lesser pelvis: enclosed structure that contains and cushions pelvic viscera
    • Pelvic inlet: opening circumscribed by the pelvic brim.

    Pelvis (Differences between Sexes)

    • Male pelvis is more robust or (heavier and thicker) than a female pelvis.
    • Female pelvis is adapted for pregnancy and childbirth.

    Pelvic Girdle or Pelvis Anatomy

    • Pelvic inlet: entrance, formed by the pelvic brim.
    • Pelvic outlet: exit, formed by the lower margin of the lesser pelvis.

    Cranial Bones

    • Frontal bone
    • Parietal bone
    • Temporal bone
    • Occipital bone
    • Sphenoid bone
    • Ethmoid bone

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Nursing 3rd Note (2) PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the axial skeleton and the vertebral column. This quiz covers the structure, function, and unique features of cervical and thoracic vertebrae. Perfect for students learning about human anatomy.

    More Like This

    Human Axial Skeleton and Spinal Column
    38 questions
    The Axial Skeleton Quiz
    43 questions

    The Axial Skeleton Quiz

    FragrantSpessartine avatar
    FragrantSpessartine
    Human Anatomy: Axial Skeleton and Vertebral Column
    30 questions
    Axial Skeleton and Vertebral Column Quiz
    30 questions
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Browser