Aviation Runway Definitions and Considerations

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Questions and Answers

What does RLTOM stand for in the context of runways?

Required Landing Time Over Miles

Runway Length Time Of Maintenance

Rapid Lift-Off Time Over Miles

Runway Limited Take-Off Mass (correct)

Which factors are necessary to calculate the runway limited take-off mass?

Runway elevation and atmospheric pressure

Fuel efficiency and wind direction

Aircraft model and pilot experience

TORA, ASDA, TODA, and flap setting (correct)

What is the effect of wet runways on the runway limited take-off mass calculations?

Dry runways require maximum thrust settings

Wet runways have no effect on take-off mass calculations

Wet runways allow for reverse thrust during take-off (correct)

Wet runways increase the required take-off mass

What does TORA stand for in relation to runway calculations?

Take-Off Run Available Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered when calculating the runway limited take-off mass?

Reverse thrust for a dry runway Signup and view all the answers

What factors must be taken into account when performing calculations for aircraft performance?

Pressure altitude, density altitude, ambient temperature Signup and view all the answers

If an aircraft has a maximum tailwind component of 10 kt, what is the condition for the wind direction coming from 270 degrees when using runway 04?

Maximum wind velocity must be less than 10 kt Signup and view all the answers

For wind calculations, what headwind component is permissible for an aircraft's performance?

Not more than 50% of the reported headwind component Signup and view all the answers

When calculating wind for runway 07L with a reported wind of 190/10kt, what is the crosswind component?

13 kt Signup and view all the answers

What is the reported wind effective for runway 24 with a wind of 300/15kt?

7 kt headwind Signup and view all the answers

What does the acronym TODA stand for?

Take-Off Distance Available Signup and view all the answers

How is TODA calculated?

TORA + Clearway Signup and view all the answers

Under what condition does TODA equal ASDA?

When Stopway equals Clearway Signup and view all the answers

What happens to TORA during line up?

A small amount is lost Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following may lead to a balanced runway?

Ignoring parts of the stopway Signup and view all the answers

When is the maximum value for TODA calculated?

When one of the components reaches a maximum length Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of accounting for TORA loss during line up?

To calculate take-off performance accurately Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about clearway is true?

Clearway is part of the TODA calculation Signup and view all the answers

How does an upslope affect the Takeoff Roll (TOR)?

Increases the TOR Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of a downslope on stopping distance?

Increases the stopping distance Signup and view all the answers

If the slope increases by 1%, how much will distance be increased?

5% Signup and view all the answers

What does PCN stand for in aviation terms?

Pavement Classification Number Signup and view all the answers

What is the threshold elevation used in the slope gradient calculation?

210 ft Signup and view all the answers

What should the Aircraft Classification Number (ACN) be in relation to the Pavement Classification Number (PCN)?

Less than or equal to the PCN Signup and view all the answers

How is the slope gradient calculated from the difference in threshold elevations?

By dividing the difference by the Reference Length and multiplying by 100 Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a rigid runway in the context of ACN and PCN comparison?

Can only be compared to other rigid runways Signup and view all the answers

What mathematical function is used to determine the wind component for a headwind?

sin(angle between wind and runway) Signup and view all the answers

What proportion of the total wind value is considered crosswind when the angle is 45°?

Three quarters Signup and view all the answers

For a tailwind with an angle of 15°, what is the total value of wind that is considered crosswind?

One quarter Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the minimum legal runway length required for takeoff, including a safety margin?

TORR Signup and view all the answers

When using trigonometry to determine the tailwind component, which function is appropriate?

cos(angle between wind and runway) Signup and view all the answers

What does TORA stand for in runway analysis?

Take-off run available Signup and view all the answers

At what angle does half of the total wind value become crosswind?

30° Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of calculating wind components in aviation?

To ensure safe takeoff and landing Signup and view all the answers

Which wind direction component is primarily affected when taking off at a 60° angle?

Headwind Signup and view all the answers

What does the acronym TODA represent in runway terminology?

Take-off distance available Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Runway Definitions

Take-off distance available (TODA) is the total length of runway available for take-off, including clearway and stopway.
Take-off run available (TORA) refers to the physical length of the runway available for take-off, excluding clearway and stopway.
Take-off distance required (TODR) is the minimum legal runway length required for safe take-off operations, including safety margins.
Accelerate-stop distance available (ASDA) refers to the length of runway suitable for take-off operations, including stopway, but excluding clearway.
Accelerate-stop distance required (ASDR) is the minimum legal runway length required for safe take-off operations, including stopway, and safety margins.
Runway limited take-off mass (RLTOM) represents the maximum weight an aircraft can take off with, considering runway length, flap settings, reverse thrust, and other factors.

Runway considerations

During aircraft line-up, a small portion of the TORA is lost, which needs to be factored into performance calculations.
Wind calculations are critical for take-off and landing, using wind direction and speed for headwind, tailwind and crosswind components.
Accepted wind components vary with aircraft type and runway configuration.
Tailwind calculations for take-off are capped at a maximum value, typically around 10 knots.
Runway slope has a notable impact on performance. Take-off distance is increased by 5% for every 1% increase in slope.
Slope is calculated using threshold elevation differences and runway length.

Pavement Classification

Pavement Classification Number (PCN) indicates runway strength and is critical for aircraft operation.
PCN is represented by a number and a code (R for rigid or F for flexible) and found on airport plates.
Aircraft Classification Number (ACN) indicates the force exerted by an aircraft on a runway.
ACN should be equal to or less than the PCN to ensure safe operation on the runway.

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Description

This quiz tests your understanding of essential runway definitions and considerations in aviation. It covers terms like TODA, TORA, and RLTOM, focusing on their meanings and implications for aircraft operations. Perfect for students and professionals in aviation and aeronautics.