8.3 FLIGHT PROCEDURES - Quiz

Special Maintenance Considerations - Fluid Residues

• Account for side effects of fluid use, including dried/rehydrated residues, corrosion, and lubricant removal.
• Maintenance schedules address these side effects.
• Repeated use of Type II, III or IV anti-icing fluid can cause residue buildup in aerodynamic quiet areas, cavities, and gaps.
• These residues can rehydrate and freeze, potentially blocking crucial flight control systems.
• Repetitive use of Type II, III, or IV anti-icing fluid should be avoided whenever possible.
• If fluid residue is detected, no takeoff should be permitted until the residue has been removed.

Flight Procedures - Flight Rules Policy

• All flights should operate under IFR with a filed IFR flight plan, typically not cancelled in flight.
• Exceptions might include limited VMC flight portions or visual approaches under suitable circumstances.
• Commercial air transport flights generally use the most convenient airways.
• Air Traffic Services must be available and used for all flights.
• Demonstration or aerial photography flights sometimes require visual meteorological conditions but are generally flown under IFR whenever practical.
• Simulating abnormal or emergency situations using artificial IMC conditions is forbidden for commercial air transport flights.

Navigation Procedures - Use of Navigation Equipment

• Aircraft are equipped with sophisticated flight management computers for automatic navigation.
• All navigation equipment should be regularly checked and monitored throughout the flight.
• Ground-based navigation aids should only be relied upon after pilots have visually and aurally confirmed the signal.
• When flight management computers are used as the primary navigation system, both pilots must independently verify the routing using a defined cross-checking process. This is crucial for procedures like NAT HLA and RNAV arrivals and departures where crew modifications to the route or procedure are usually restricted.
• RAIM predictions must be considered in GPS-dependent operations.
• Flight crew should be prepared to revert to standard VOR, ADF, and DME equipment when needed.
• Both pilots must monitor ground-based navigation aid data when using an area navigation autoflight function for instrument approaches based on ground-based aids.
• Additional information on navigation equipment use is available in Operations Manual Part C.

Instrument Navigation Procedures

• Unless authorized by the authority or directed by ATC, flight along the defined center line of an established airway or directly between navigation facilities and points is generally preferred.
• Instrument departure, arrival, and approach procedures approved by the aerodrome State must be followed.
• Occasionally, an ATC clearance may deviate from established procedures (e.g., radar vectors) provided obstacle clearance criteria are met and operating conditions fully considered.
• AEROTRANSCARGO uses Jeppesen Enroute and Aerodrome Charts.

Noise Abatement Departure Procedures

• Aerotranscargo procedures for each aircraft type minimize the impact of aircraft noise during departures and arrivals.
• Safety is primary, but noise abatement is integral to the procedures.
• Procedures are simple and efficient with no significant increase in crew workload.
• Two climb profiles (NADP 1 and NADP 2) aim to meet close-in and distant noise abatement objectives.
• Each climb profile defines a vertical path dependent upon pilot actions (engine thrust, acceleration, flap/slat retraction in the specific order and timing) for close-in or distant objectives.
• A single set of action sequences for close-in and distant profiles is defined for each aircraft type.
• Each NADP climb profile has two AAL altitudes, either the point for power reduction and/or acceleration, and end of noise abatement procedure height.

Approach Procedures - Approach other than ILS

• LNAV/VNAV beyond the final approach fix (FAF) is permitted under specific conditions.
• The approach route must be line selectable from the navigation database, and the approach chart title should match the FMS label.
• Certain enhanced approaches may permit use of line selectable approaches even when the FMS label and chart title do not match.
• Modifications to waypoints at/beyond the FAF are only allowed within FCOM/OM-B procedures.
• Pilots need to validate the coding of the approach before any modification.
• RNP value of 0.3 should be assumed for approaches without explicit RNP values (this can be overridden if the specific ILS approach has a higher required RNP value).
• VOR and NDB approaches are possible, even if ground stations are out of service or under test, or if aircraft equipment is not operational, with the same requirements applicable to RNAV approaches.
• The PM shall monitor flight path against the approach chart and alert the PF to any deviations and prior to crossing each position, call out mandatory altitudes and distances.

Weather Conditions & Flight Continuation

• Before take-off, the captain must confirm that weather conditions and runway conditions permit safe take-off and departure.
• In particular, the RVR or visibility during take-off needs to meet the required minimums.
• During flight, crews must monitor weather conditions at the destination and any alternates.
• Flight can't continue beyond the relevant point unless weather conditions at destination or alternate meet planned minima.
• When planning alternative fuel procedures are in use, the Commander must not continue beyond the decision point in paragraph 8.1.7.3.1 or the predetermined point in paragraph 8.1.7.3.2 unless the expected weather and minima at the destination and alternates meet planned minima.

Specified Navigation Performance

• Operations in certain airspace types must meet navigation performance criteria/operational criteria.
• These operations require CAA-RM approval.
• Airspace defined for specified navigational performance categories include North Atlantic NAT HLA, B-RNAV airspace (5, 5), P-RNAV airspace (1, 1 / GNSS ARCH, 0.3), RNP-10 operations, and other RNAV airspace.
• RVSM airspace requires compliance with specified equipment and operational criteria.

Required Navigational Performance (RNP)

• RNP values specify only the navigation accuracy of combined user and system combinations in a specific airspace area.
• RNP values don't indicate other system requirements (reliability etc.)
• RNP airspace containment values detail the permissible distance from the intended position within 95% of flight time.
• Minimum NA performance specifications apply to various areas.

North Atlantic Minimum Navigation Performance

• The North Atlantic Region airspace (NAT HLA) is between FL 285 -FL 420, latitude 27° north in the New York FIR, south boundary of Santa Maria Oceanic, North Pole, bounded east by Santa Maria, Shanwick, Reykjavik control areas, and west by Reykjavik CTA, Gander Oceanic CTA, and New York Oceanic CTA.
• NAT HLA requirements replace RNP values.
• It is effectively RNP 12.6 nm.

RNAV 5 (B-RNAV) Airspace

• RNAV 5 is a navigational performance specification.
• Only approved aircraft may operate under IFR using the ATS routes of states where RNAV 5 procedures apply.
• RNP for RNAV 5 operations is 5 nm.

RNP 1 (P-RNAV) Airspace

• RNP 1 is mandated for specific routes within terminal areas, including SIDs, STARs, or approach transitions.
• RNP value for RNP 1 operations is 1 nm.

RNP 10 Airspace

• RNP 10 is appropriate for remote and oceanic routes, including those in the EUR-SAM corridor and some South American routes;
• RNP required for RNP 10 airspace operations is 10 nm.

Other RNAV Airspace

• Other airspace often defined by specific operational requirements for departures and arrivals (RNP variable)
• Specific equipment and procedures are applicable and contingency plans need to be applied in these airspaces.

RVSM Airspace

• Vertical separation between aircraft is 1000 ft compared to ICAO standards of 2000 ft at or between FL290 and FL410 (inclusive)
• Specific equipment, procedures, including contingency procedures are necessary within this airspace.

Weather Conditions for Continuation of Flight and Re-planning Requirements - Before Take-off

• Takeoff is not allowed without confirmation that the departure and runway weather conditions meet safety requirements.
• Specifically RVR (runway visual range) or visibility must meet required minimums.

This quiz covers essential maintenance considerations regarding fluid residues in aviation and outlines flight rules policies. Key topics include the management of anti-icing fluids, maintenance schedules, and adherence to IFR flight operations. Understanding these principles is crucial for safe flight operations.