Podcast
Questions and Answers
According to the SHELL concept, what refers to the rules and procedures in aviation?
According to the SHELL concept, what refers to the rules and procedures in aviation?
Which of the following is NOT part of the HARDWARE in the SHELL concept?
Which of the following is NOT part of the HARDWARE in the SHELL concept?
What is a primary reason for an aircraft diverting to an alternate airport?
What is a primary reason for an aircraft diverting to an alternate airport?
Which of the 'dirty dozen' is often a critical human factor element in accident reports?
Which of the 'dirty dozen' is often a critical human factor element in accident reports?
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What can be a consequence of an individual not contributing to the team effort in aviation?
What can be a consequence of an individual not contributing to the team effort in aviation?
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What can be a cause of distraction in aviation?
What can be a cause of distraction in aviation?
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According to the SHELL concept, what refers to the human beings involved in the aviation system?
According to the SHELL concept, what refers to the human beings involved in the aviation system?
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What can be a consequence of complacency in aviation?
What can be a consequence of complacency in aviation?
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What is the primary goal of Crew Resource Management (CRM) training?
What is the primary goal of Crew Resource Management (CRM) training?
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What is Fatigue Management primarily focused on?
What is Fatigue Management primarily focused on?
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What is a common Human Factor in maintenance that can lead to errors?
What is a common Human Factor in maintenance that can lead to errors?
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What is Situational Awareness primarily focused on?
What is Situational Awareness primarily focused on?
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What is a consequence of Lack of Assertiveness in maintenance?
What is a consequence of Lack of Assertiveness in maintenance?
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What is a common consequence of Stress in aviation?
What is a common consequence of Stress in aviation?
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What is the primary goal of Cockpit Design and Layout?
What is the primary goal of Cockpit Design and Layout?
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What is a common Human Factor in maintenance that can lead to pressure?
What is a common Human Factor in maintenance that can lead to pressure?
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What is the primary concern of Spacecraft Habitability in long-duration space missions?
What is the primary concern of Spacecraft Habitability in long-duration space missions?
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What is the potential consequence of an aviation maintenance technician overlooking a critical step in the inspection process?
What is the potential consequence of an aviation maintenance technician overlooking a critical step in the inspection process?
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What is Situational Awareness crucial for during an approach?
What is Situational Awareness crucial for during an approach?
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What is a key factor to consider in Fatigue Risk Management for astronauts?
What is a key factor to consider in Fatigue Risk Management for astronauts?
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What is the primary goal of Human Factors In Maintenance?
What is the primary goal of Human Factors In Maintenance?
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What is a consequence of astronauts experiencing space motion sickness during extended space missions?
What is a consequence of astronauts experiencing space motion sickness during extended space missions?
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What is the purpose of designing interfaces for spacecraft and mission control centers?
What is the purpose of designing interfaces for spacecraft and mission control centers?
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What is a key aspect of Crew Resource Management?
What is a key aspect of Crew Resource Management?
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Study Notes
The SHELL Concept
- The SHELL concept is a conceptual model of human factors that helps to clarify the location and cause of human error within an aviation environment.
- The SHELL concept consists of four components: SOFTWARE, HARDWARE, ENVIRONMENT, and LIVEWARE.
SOFTWARE
- Rules, procedures, and written documents that are part of the standard operating procedures.
HARDWARE
- Air Traffic Control suites, their configuration, controls, and surfaces, displays, and functional systems.
ENVIRONMENT
- The situation in which the L-H-S system must function, including the social and economic climate as well as the natural environment.
LIVEWARE
- The human beings involved in the system, including controllers, flight crews, engineers, maintenance personnel, management, and administration people.
The Dirty Dozen
- 12 human factors in aviation that contribute to errors and accidents:
- Lack of Communication
- Complacency
- Lack of Knowledge
- Distraction
- Lack of Teamwork
- Fatigue
- Lack of Resources
- Pressure
- Lack of Assertiveness
- Stress
- Lack of Awareness
- Norms
Role of Human Factors in Aviation Safety
AVIATION
- Cockpit design and layout to minimize pilot workload
- Crew Resource Management (CRM) to train pilots to work effectively as a team
- Fatigue management to ensure pilots are well-rested and alert
- Situational awareness to provide pilots with necessary information
AEROSPACE
- Spacecraft habitability to create a safe and comfortable living environment for astronauts
- Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) to design easy-to-use interfaces
- Automation and decision support systems to assist astronauts with complex tasks
- Extravehicular Activity (EVA) suit design to ensure comfort, functionality, and protection
Examples/Situations
- Maintenance errors and human factors: overlooked critical steps in maintenance procedures due to fatigue or distractions
- Situational awareness: loss of situational awareness due to distractions or miscommunication leading to incorrect landings or approaches
- Space-related health and safety: space motion sickness, cardiovascular responses, and bone/muscle loss during extended space missions
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Description
This quiz covers the SHELL Concept, a human factors model used in aviation to identify and address human error. It also touches on pilot decision-making and aircraft operations.
