Autonomic Neurotransmitters and Drugs
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Autonomic Neurotransmitters and Drugs

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Questions and Answers

What type of neurotransmitter is secreted by preganglionic sympathetic neurons?

  • Serotonin
  • Dopamine
  • Norepinephrine
  • Acetylcholine (correct)
  • What defines preganglionic parasympathetic neurons?

  • They secrete epinephrine.
  • They secrete acetylcholine. (correct)
  • They secrete norepinephrine.
  • They are known as adrenergic.
  • Which statement accurately describes both sympathetic and parasympathetic preganglionic neurons?

  • Both are adrenergic.
  • Both secrete acetylcholine. (correct)
  • Both secrete norepinephrine.
  • Both are involved in the fight or flight response.
  • What is a characteristic of cholinergic neurons?

    <p>They secrete acetylcholine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly identifies the neurotransmitter associated with preganglionic neurons?

    <p>Acetylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What types of receptors do sympathetic postganglionic nerve endings primarily act on?

    <p>Both α and β receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the action of sympathetic postganglionic nerve endings?

    <p>They act mainly on α receptors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of sympathetic postganglionic nerve endings?

    <p>They are myelinated for faster action.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary impact of sympathetic postganglionic nerve action on the cardiovascular system?

    <p>Constriction of blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When sympathetic postganglionic nerves are activated, what should be expected?

    <p>Enhanced fight-or-flight response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Autonomic Neurotransmitters

    • Preganglionic sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons are cholinergic, meaning they release acetylcholine.
    • Sympathetic postganglionic neurons mainly release norepinephrine, which acts on both alpha and beta receptors.
    • Norepinephrine has a more potent pressor action on blood vessels in skeletal muscles and the liver, compared to other sites.
    • Norepinephrine has a relaxing effect on the gastrointestinal tract.

    Autonomic Agonist and Antagonist

    • Agonists bind to a neurotransmitter's receptor and cause the same response as the neurotransmitter would.
    • Salbutamol is a beta 2 agonist, acting as a bronchodilator.
    • Antagonists bind to receptors, preventing the neurotransmitter from binding and causing a response.
    • Atropine blocks the effect of acetylcholine on muscarinic receptors, suppressing parasympathetic effects. It is used to suppress salivation and bronchial secretion before surgery.
    • Metaprolol selectively blocks beta 1 receptors, used to treat high blood pressure. Beta 1 receptors are primarily found in the heart.

    Regions of CNS Involved in Control of Autonomic Activities

    • The hypothalamus plays a crucial role in integrating autonomic, somatic, and endocrine responses associated with emotions and behaviors.
    • The medulla within the brainstem directly controls autonomic output, including cardiovascular and respiratory centers.
    • Spinal cord level integrates some autonomic reflexes, such as urination, defecation, and erection.

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    Description

    Explore the mechanisms of autonomic neurotransmitters and their receptors in this quiz. Learn about the roles of acetylcholine, norepinephrine, and the effects of agonists and antagonists like salbutamol and atropine. Test your knowledge on how these substances influence the autonomic nervous system.

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