Autonomic Nervous System Quiz
29 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which of these receptors does Acetylcholine (ACh) bind to?

  • Beta
  • Muscarinic (correct)
  • Nicotinic (correct)
  • Alpha

    • Which of these functions is associated with the sympathetic nervous system?

  • Increasing gastric secretions
  • Slowing heart rate
  • Constricting pupils
  • Dilating bronchi (correct)

    • What is the primary neurotransmitter used by preganglionic neurons in both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems?

  • Dopamine
  • Epinephrine
  • Norepinephrine
  • Acetylcholine (correct)

    • Which of these structures is primarily regulated by the parasympathetic nervous system?

    <p>Salivary glands (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the sympathetic nervous system in regulating the cardiovascular system?

    <p>Maintaining blood flow to the brain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the parasympathetic nervous system in regulating the digestive system?

    <p>Increasing intestinal motility (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these functions is NOT associated with the parasympathetic nervous system?

    <p>Dilating bronchi (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the situation where both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems innervate a structure, but their effects oppose each other?

    <p>Antagonistic innervation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these neurotransmitters is primarily released by the adrenal medulla?

    <p>Epinephrine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these receptors is NOT a type of adrenergic receptor?

    <p>Muscarinic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a characteristic of parasympathomimetic drugs?

    <p>Primarily used for effects on the heart and blood vessels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is a function of the sympathetic nervous system?

    <p>Dilating the pupils (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is an example of a drug that directly affects the autonomic nervous system?

    <p>Atropine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a function of the parasympathetic nervous system?

    <p>Dilating bronchi (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of receptor is responsible for stimulating the release of epinephrine from the adrenal medulla?

    <p>Nicotinic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a type of cholinergic receptor?

    <p>Alpha (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a physiological effect of the stimulation of alpha-1 adrenergic receptors?

    <p>Pupil Dilation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a direct effect of stimulating beta-2 adrenergic receptors?

    <p>Bronchodilation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The inactivation of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter, is primarily achieved by:

    <p>Breakdown by acetylcholinesterase (AChE) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of adrenergic receptors?

    <p>They are classified as G protein-coupled receptors. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Drugs that inhibit monoamine oxidase (MAO) are likely to have which of the following effects?

    <p>Enhance the effects of norepinephrine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two broad categories of neuropharmacological agents?

    <p>Central nervous system (CNS) drugs and Peripheral nervous system (PNS) drugs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a physiological process that can be modified by neuropharmacological drugs?

    <p>Cell division (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which neurons regulate physiological processes?

    <p>Axonal conduction and synaptic transmission (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following steps in synaptic transmission can be directly affected by neuropharmacological agents?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a way that neuropharmacological agents can affect transmitter synthesis?

    <p>Promote the synthesis of inactive transmitter precursors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can neuropharmacological agents affect receptor binding?

    <p>They can activate, block, or enhance receptor activation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a desirable quality of a neuropharmacological agent?

    <p>Specificity for a particular receptor subtype (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor to consider when learning about a peripheral nervous system (PNS) drug?

    <p>The drug's effect on blood pressure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Smooth Muscle Receptors

    Receptors that stimulate smooth muscles in bronchi and GI tract, slow heart rate, and induce meiosis.

    Adrenergic Receptors

    Receptors that respond to norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (Epi) and can be divided into alpha and beta types.

    Alpha 1 Receptors

    Type of adrenergic receptor that causes vasoconstriction, pupil dilation, and affects male sexual organs.

    Beta 1 Receptors

    Adrenergic receptors primarily affecting the heart, increasing rate and contraction force.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Life Cycle of Norepinephrine

    Norepinephrine is released from vesicles, with effects terminated by reuptake or monoamine oxidase (MAO) inactivation.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Neuropharmacology (NP)

    Study of drugs that alter nervous system processes.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Drugs

    Drugs that act on the peripheral nervous system.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Central Nervous System (CNS) Drugs

    Drugs that affect the central nervous system.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Axonal Conduction

    Transmission of action potentials down the axon.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Synaptic Transmission

    Information transfer across the synapse to another cell.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Transmitter Release

    Process of neurotransmitters being released at the synapse.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Selectivity in Drugs

    Desirable quality allowing drugs to target specific receptors.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Receptor Activation

    The response when neurotransmitters bind to receptors.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Central Nervous System (CNS)

    Consists of the brain and spinal cord, controlling body functions.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

    Carries nerve impulses to and from the CNS, includes sensory and motor divisions.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Somatic Nervous System

    The part of PNS that controls voluntary muscle movements.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

    Controls involuntary body functions, divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Sympathetic Nervous System

    Part of ANS responsible for 'fight or flight' responses.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Parasympathetic Nervous System

    Part of ANS responsible for 'rest and digest' functions.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Parasympathomimetic Drugs

    Drugs that mimic the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Sympathomimetic Drugs

    Drugs that mimic the effects of the sympathetic nervous system.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Cholinergic Receptors

    Receptors that respond to acetylcholine (ACh), including nicotinic and muscarinic types.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Acetylcholine (ACh)

    A neurotransmitter involved in both CNS and PNS, acts on cholinergic receptors.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Epinephrine (Epi)

    A major neurotransmitter released by adrenal medulla, involved in fight-or-flight response.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Innervation Patterns

    How ANS divisions work together or independently to regulate different body functions.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Autonomic Tone

    The balance of sympathetic and parasympathetic activity in the body for homeostasis.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Receptor Subtypes

    Different types of receptors within cholinergic and adrenergic systems that determine specific responses.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Study Notes

    Neuropharmacology (NP)

    • Study of drugs that alter nervous system functions.
    • Treats various conditions like depression, epilepsy, hypertension, and asthma.
    • Agents categorized into Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) and Central Nervous System (CNS) drugs.

    Neuropharmacology Drug Actions

    • Modify diverse processes: skeletal muscle contraction, cardiac output, vascular tone, respiration, gastrointestinal function, uterine motility, glandular secretion, and perception of pain/ideation/mood.

    Basic Principles of Neuropharmacology

    • Neurons regulate physiology through axonal conduction and synaptic transmission.

    Sites of Action: Axons vs. Synapses

    • Axonal conduction: Action potential travels down the axon.
    • Synaptic transmission: Information crosses the neuron gap to a postsynaptic cell (neuron, muscle, or gland cell).

    Basic Mechanisms of NP Agents - Synaptic Transmission Steps

    • Transmitter synthesis: Production of neurotransmitters.
    • Transmitter storage: Storage of neurotransmitters in vesicles.
    • Transmitter release: Release of neurotransmitters into the synapse.
    • Receptor binding: Neurotransmitter binds to receptors on the postsynaptic cell.
    • Termination of transmission: Removal of neurotransmitters from the synapse.

    Basic Mechanisms of NP Agents - Drug Effects

    • NP drugs affect specific steps in synaptic transmission:
      • Synthesis: Increase, decrease, or alter synthesis of effective neurotransmitters.
      • Storage: Decrease in neurotransmitter availability.
      • Release: Increase or decrease in neurotransmitter release.
      • Receptor binding: Activate, block, or enhance receptor activation.
      • Termination: Block reuptake or inhibit degradation of neurotransmitters.

    Multiple Receptor Types and Selectivity

    • Selectivity: Highly desirable drug quality; selective drugs alter a disease without affecting other bodily functions.
    • PNS Drug Study Approach: Learn 3 key aspects:
      • Receptor types (e.g., alpha1, alpha2, beta1).
      • Normal response to receptor activation (agonist/antagonist).
      • Drug's impact on receptor function (increase/decrease activation).

    The Nervous System Divisions

    • Central Nervous System (CNS): Brain and spinal cord.
    • Peripheral Nervous System (PNS):
      • Sensory division: Carries impulses to the CNS.
      • Motor division: Carries impulses from the CNS to muscles/glands.
        • Somatic nervous system: Controls voluntary movements.
        • Autonomic nervous system (ANS): Controls involuntary functions.
          • Sympathetic: "Fight or flight".
          • Parasympathetic: "Rest and digest" / "housekeeping".

    Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) Functions

    • Regulates: Heart, secretory glands (e.g., salivary, gastric, sweat, bronchial), smooth muscles (e.g., bronchi, blood vessels, urogenital/GI).

    Parasympathetic Nervous System

    • "P"okey" / "rest and digest" / "housekeeping".
    • 7 Regulatory Functions:
      • Slow heart rate
      • Increase gastric/salivary secretions
      • Empty bladder
      • Empty bowel
      • Focus eye for near vision
      • Constrict pupils
      • Contract bronchial smooth muscles

    Parasympathomimetic Drugs

    • Mimic parasympathetic responses.
    • Used primarily for digestion regulation, waste elimination, and vision control.

    Sympathetic Nervous System

    • "S"peedy" / "fight or flight".
    • 3 Main Functions:
      • Cardiovascular system regulation (blood flow maintenance, redistribution, compensation).
      • Body temperature regulation (skin blood flow, sweat, piloerection).
      • "Fight-or-flight" reaction (heart/blood pressure, blood shunting, bronchodilation, pupil dilation, energy mobilization).

    Sympathomimetic Drugs

    • Mimic sympathetic responses.
    • Primarily used for heart/blood vessels (hypertension, heart failure, angina), and lungs (asthma).

    Autonomic Nervous System Regulation Mechanisms

    • Three basic patterns:
      • Opposed effects (e.g., heart rate).
      • Complementary effects (e.g., erection/ejaculation).
      • One-sided innervation (e.g., blood vessels).
    • Autonomic tone: Balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic.
    • Feedback regulation: Primarily via baroreceptors (and other sensory/motor neurons).

    Autonomic Tone

    • Maintains homeostasis; superimposed on reflex regulation.
    • One division generally predominates in each system.

    Anatomy of the Autonomic Nervous System

    • Pre-ganglionic neurons (both SNS & PNS) use acetylcholine (ACh).
    • Parasympathetic postganglionic neurons use ACh.
    • Sympathetic postganglionic neurons use ACh, norepinephrine (NE), or epinephrine (Epi).
    • Adrenal medulla releases epinephrine.
    • Motor neurons use ACh.

    Neurotransmitters

    • Acetylcholine (ACh): Synapses throughout the CNS, preganglionic neurons, postganglionic parasympathetic neurons (muscarinic receptors)
    • Norepinephrine (NE): Throughout the CNS; most sympathetic neuroeffector junctions.
    • Epinephrine (Epi): Major transmitter released by the adrenal medulla.

    Receptors of the Peripheral Nervous System

    • Cholinergic (respond to ACh): Nicotinic and Muscarinic.
    • Adrenergic (respond to NE and Epi): Alpha and Beta.

    Receptor Subtypes and Selectivity

    • Cholinergic: Nicotinic (neural, muscle) and Muscarinic (1,2,3)
    • Adrenergic: Alpha (1, 2) and Beta (1, 2).

    Cholinergic Receptors

    • Nicotinic: Stimulates all pre-ganglionic transmission and Epi release from adrenal medulla (NN). Stimulates skeletal muscle receptors (NM).
    • Muscarinic: Stimulates glandular secretions (pulmonary, gastric, intestinal, sweat). Stimulates smooth muscle (bronchi, GI), slows heart, constricts pupils, and facilitates urination.

    Adrenergic Receptors

    • Alpha 1: Impacts eyes, blood vessels, male sex organs, prostatic capsule, bladder.
    • Alpha 2: Inhibits neurotransmitter release at presynaptic nerve terminals.
    • Beta 1: Impacts heart (rate/force/conduction), and kidneys (renin release).
    • Beta 2: Impacts heart, lungs, skeletal muscle, bronchi (relaxation, glycogenolysis, skeletal muscle contraction).

    Life Cycle of Transmitters

    • Acetylcholine: Broken down by acetylcholinesterase (AChE); byproducts reabsorbed.
    • Norepinephrine: Reuptaken into nerve terminals; inactivated by monoamine oxidase (MAO).

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    Test your knowledge of the autonomic nervous system with this quiz, covering key functions, neurotransmitters, and receptor types. Understand the differences between the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems and their impact on various body functions. Perfect for students in health and biology courses.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser