Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which nervous system is often referred to as 'The Second Brain'?
Which nervous system is often referred to as 'The Second Brain'?
Which type of neurons respond to mechanical, thermal, osmotic, and chemical stimuli?
Which type of neurons respond to mechanical, thermal, osmotic, and chemical stimuli?
Which nervous system controls motility, secretion, and absorption by acting on smooth muscle and secretory cells?
Which nervous system controls motility, secretion, and absorption by acting on smooth muscle and secretory cells?
Which division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for 'Fight or Flight' responses?
Which division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for 'Fight or Flight' responses?
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Which division of the autonomic nervous system promotes erection of genitals and sexual arousal?
Which division of the autonomic nervous system promotes erection of genitals and sexual arousal?
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Where are the cell bodies located in the sympathetic nervous system?
Where are the cell bodies located in the sympathetic nervous system?
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What system do the splanchnic nerves belong to?
What system do the splanchnic nerves belong to?
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What role does the Vagus nerve play?
What role does the Vagus nerve play?
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What is the role of the enteric nervous system in the autonomic nervous system?
What is the role of the enteric nervous system in the autonomic nervous system?
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Where are the cell bodies located in the parasympathetic nervous system?
Where are the cell bodies located in the parasympathetic nervous system?
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Which division originates in the T1-L2 spinal cord regions?
Which division originates in the T1-L2 spinal cord regions?
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What type of axons are post-ganglionic axons in the autonomic nervous system?
What type of axons are post-ganglionic axons in the autonomic nervous system?
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Which organs are exclusively innervated by the sympathetic division?
Which organs are exclusively innervated by the sympathetic division?
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What is the function of the splanchnic nerves in the autonomic nervous system?
What is the function of the splanchnic nerves in the autonomic nervous system?
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What distinguishes pre-ganglionic axons from post-ganglionic axons in the autonomic nervous system?
What distinguishes pre-ganglionic axons from post-ganglionic axons in the autonomic nervous system?
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Where are the cell bodies located for pre-ganglionic parasympathetic axons of the cranial nerves?
Where are the cell bodies located for pre-ganglionic parasympathetic axons of the cranial nerves?
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Which plexus regulates GI blood flow and epithelial function?
Which plexus regulates GI blood flow and epithelial function?
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Which spinal levels do the sympathetic axons from the lateral horn in the spinal cord travel to the prevertebral ganglia synapse?
Which spinal levels do the sympathetic axons from the lateral horn in the spinal cord travel to the prevertebral ganglia synapse?
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Where do the axons from the prevertebral ganglia synapse travel to?
Where do the axons from the prevertebral ganglia synapse travel to?
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Where does the Vagus nerve supply visceral organs?
Where does the Vagus nerve supply visceral organs?
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Study Notes
Autonomic Nervous System Overview
- The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) is responsible for innervating the heart and lungs, with specific axons from T1-T4, T5-T9, T10-T11, T12, and L1-L2 forming different splanchnic nerves.
- Paravertebral ganglia extend in chains from the base of the skull to the ganglion impar on the anterior aspect of the coccyx, with cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral regions of ganglia.
- The sympathetic nervous system has a short preganglionic component and a long postganglionic component, with the axons traveling from the lateral horn in the spinal cord to the prevertebral ganglia synapse being short, and those traveling from the prevertebral ganglia to the visceral organs being long.
- Visceral structures in the head receive sympathetic innervation from cell bodies in thoracic levels, which send their axons to the cervical ganglion and then travel as the carotid plexus around the Internal Carotid Artery.
- The parasympathetic division, known as the craniosacral division, has a long pre-ganglionic component and a short post-ganglionic component, with pre-ganglionic cell bodies located in brainstem nuclei of cranial nerves III, VII, IX, X, and in cell bodies of S2-S4 in the spinal cord.
- Each cranial nerve carrying parasympathetic axons has an associated ganglion, with the Vagus nerve supplying visceral organs in the head and traveling as far caudally as the left colic flexure of the large intestine.
- Pre-ganglionic parasympathetic axons that form Pelvic Splanchnic nerves leave the ventral root before the spinal nerve is formed, and there are no parasympathetic fibers in any spinal nerve.
- The enteric nervous system, the intrinsic nervous system of the gastrointestinal tract, contains two neural plexuses: the Submucosal (Meissner’s) Plexus, which regulates GI blood flow and epithelial function, and the Myenteric (Auerbach’s) Plexus, which aids in motility, contraction, and relaxation of smooth muscle.
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Description
Test your knowledge of the autonomic nervous system with this overview quiz. Explore the divisions, ganglia, innervation patterns, and functions of the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems, as well as the role of the enteric nervous system in gastrointestinal regulation.
