Autonomic Nervous System Overview Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Where are the cell bodies of preganglionic neurons located in the sympathetic division?

  • Lateral horns of the gray matter in the 12 thoracic and first 2 or 3 lumbar segments (correct)
  • Nuclei of four cranial nerves (III, VII, IX and X) in the brain stem
  • Autonomic ganglia
  • Lateral gray matter of sacral segments 2–4 of the spinal cord

    • The parasympathetic division is generally faster than the sympathetic division.

    False (B)

    What are the two major types of sympathetic ganglia?

    Sympathetic trunk ganglia and prevertebral ganglia

    The ______ division of the autonomic nervous system contains preganglionic neurons in the nuclei of four cranial nerves (III, VII, IX and X) in the brain stem.

    <p>parasympathetic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following autonomic ganglia types with their descriptions:

    <p>Sympathetic trunk ganglia = Lie in a vertical row on either side of the vertebral column Prevertebral ganglia = Lie anterior to the vertebral column and are associated with major visceral organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The [BLANK] nervous system operates largely without conscious control.

    <p>autonomic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Somatic motor neurons synapse directly with skeletal muscle.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following neurotransmitters with their respective release locations:

    <p>Acetylcholine = All sympathetic and parasympathetic preganglionic neurons Norepinephrine = Most sympathetic postganglionic neurons Epinephrine and Norepinephrine = Chromaffin cells of suprarenal medullae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

    <p>Sympathetic and parasympathetic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the autonomic nervous system?

    <p>It directly controls skeletal muscle contraction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sensory receptors called [BLANK] monitor conditions in the internal environment.

    <p>interoceptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All sympathetic postganglionic neurons release acetylcholine.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain the difference between the somatic and autonomic nervous systems in terms of their effector organs.

    <p>The somatic nervous system controls skeletal muscles, allowing for voluntary movement. The autonomic nervous system controls smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands, regulating involuntary functions like digestion, heart rate, and breathing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the possible pathways for an axon in the sympathetic division?

    <p>Synapse with postganglionic neurons in the same ganglion. (A), Ascend or descend to a higher or lower ganglion before synapsing. (B), Continue through the sympathetic trunk ganglion to a prevertebral ganglion. (C), Pass through the sympathetic trunk and prevertebral ganglion to the adrenal medullae. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The sympathetic division is responsible for 'fight-or-flight' responses.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of prevertebral ganglia in the sympathetic nervous system?

    <p>Prevertebral ganglia serve as relay points for sympathetic axons, facilitating the transmission of signals to target organs in the abdomen and pelvis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The cell bodies of sympathetic preganglionic neurons are located in the ______ of the spinal cord.

    <p>lateral gray horns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following autonomic plexuses with their corresponding location:

    <p>Celiac (solar) plexus = Abdomen Superior mesenteric plexus = Abdomen Inferior mesenteric plexus = Pelvis Renal plexus = Abdomen Hypogastric plexus = Pelvis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the parasympathetic division is TRUE?

    <p>Outflow occurs from both the brain stem and sacral spinal cord. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The paired sympathetic trunk ganglia are located posterior to the vertebral column.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the adrenal medullae in the sympathetic nervous system?

    <p>The adrenal medullae act as modified sympathetic ganglia, directly releasing hormones like epinephrine and norepinephrine into the bloodstream, further enhancing sympathetic responses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is released by cholinergic neurons?

    <p>Acetylcholine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Adrenergic neurons release acetylcholine.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main types of cholinergic receptors?

    <p>Nicotinic and Muscarinic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The activation of nicotinic receptors on skeletal muscle fibers leads to ______ of the muscle.

    <p>contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following receptor types with their primary location:

    <p>Nicotinic = Chromaffin cells of suprarenal medullae Muscarinic = Sweat glands innervated by cholinergic sympathetic postganglionic neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Muscarinic receptors are only found in parasympathetic nervous system.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main effect of activating muscarinic receptors on blood vessels in skeletal muscle?

    <p>Vasodilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a major location of nicotinic receptors?

    <p>Chromaffin cells of suprarenal medullae (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary neurotransmitter released by preganglionic neurons in both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions?

    <p>Acetylcholine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Parasympathetic preganglionic neurons have longer axons than sympathetic preganglionic neurons.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the parasympathetic nervous system?

    <p>Rest-and-digest activities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Parasympathetic postganglionic neurons release ______, which is excitatory and stimulates target organs.

    <p>acetylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following characteristics with their respective divisions of the autonomic nervous system:

    <p>Short preganglionic axons = Sympathetic Long preganglionic axons = Parasympathetic Postganglionic neurons release primarily norepinephrine = Sympathetic Postganglionic neurons release acetylcholine = Parasympathetic Fight-or-flight responses = Sympathetic Rest-and-digest responses = Parasympathetic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the parasympathetic nervous system?

    <p>Innervates most sweat glands (A), Preganglionic neurons with short axons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe the difference in axon length between sympathetic and parasympathetic preganglionic neurons.

    <p>Parasympathetic preganglionic neurons have long axons that extend to ganglia located near or within the target organs. Sympathetic preganglionic neurons have shorter axons that synapse with postganglionic neurons in ganglia located closer to the spinal cord.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The parasympathetic nervous system is primarily involved in stimulating digestion and slowing heart rate.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a location where α1 receptors are found?

    <p>Pancreatic islet beta cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Activation of α2 receptors on pancreatic islet beta cells leads to an increase in insulin secretion.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of activating α1 receptors on smooth muscle fibers of blood vessels?

    <p>Vasoconstriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Activation of β2 receptors on smooth muscle fibers of certain blood vessels results in ______.

    <p>vasodilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following adrenergic receptor subtypes with their primary effects:

    <p>α1 = Excitation and contraction α2 = Inhibition and relaxation β1 = Increased heart rate and contractility β2 = Vasodilation and bronchodilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a primary effect of activating β1 receptors?

    <p>Increased heart rate and contractility (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Activation of α1 receptors on sweat glands increases sweating.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of activating β2 receptors on the bronchioles of the lungs?

    <p>Bronchodilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Autonomic Nervous System

    • The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is responsible for involuntary actions
    • It involves two main divisions:
      • Sympathetic: "fight-or-flight" response, increasing alertness
      • Parasympathetic: "rest-and-digest," slows down body activities

    Introduction

    • The chapter aims to examine the structure and function of the ANS
    • It will compare and contrast the somatic and ANS
    • It also covers ANS neurotransmitters
    • Finally it compares and contrasts sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems

    Comparison of Somatic and Autonomic Nervous Systems

    • The somatic nervous system includes sensory and motor neurons for voluntary actions (like moving skeletal muscles)
      • Sensory neurons transmit information from receptors (pain, touch etc.)
    • The autonomic nervous system receives input from sensory receptors in organs, blood vessels, and muscles (involuntary actions)

    Anatomy of Autonomic Motor Pathways

    • The ANS typically uses two neurons to transmit impulses.
      • Preganglionic: cell body in CNS, axon extends to a ganglion.
      • Postganglionic: cell body in ganglion, axon extends to an effector (organ, muscle, gland)

    Divisions of the ANS

    • Most body organs receive input from both sympathetic and parasympathetic systems.
      • Usually one division stimulates, while the other inhibits.

    Comparison of Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Divisions

    • Sympathetic (Thoracolumbar):
      • Originates in the thoracic and lumbar spinal cord
      • Primarily involved in the fight-or-flight response
      • Releases norepinephrine (NE) at the postganglionic synapse, except at sweat glands
    • Parasympathetic (Craniosacral):
      • Originates in the brain stem and sacral spinal cord
      • Primarily involved in rest-and-digest activities.
      • Releases acetylcholine (ACh) at the postganglionic synapse.

    ANS Neurotransmitters and Receptors

    • Cholinergic neurons release acetylcholine (ACh)
      • Nicotinic receptors are found at the synapses between preganglionic and postganglionic neurons
      • Muscarinic receptors are found at the postganglionic synapses in the parasympathetic division
    • Adrenergic neurons release norepinephrine (NE)
      • Receptors also exist and respond differently

    Physiology of the ANS

    • Sympathetic stimulation: increases heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing rate.
    • Parasympathetic stimulation: decreases heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing rate, stimulates digestion.
      • SLUDD : Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination, Digestion, Defecation.
    • Autonomic tone: balanced activity of sympathetic and parasympathetic systems, regulated by hypothalamus

    Integration and Control of Autonomic Functions

    • Autonomic reflexes:
      • Involuntary responses to internal stimuli, involving receptors, sensory neurons, integration centers, motor neurons, and effectors
    • Stress response: complex interaction of sympathetic and other systems causing hormonal releases for long term stress responses

    Anatomy Overview of Autonomic Nervous System

    • The page describes different parts and locations of autonomic pathways, including types of ganglia
    • Types and locations of ganglia, the locations of cell bodies of preganglionic neurons for sympathetic and parasympathetic pathways, and the relationship between the sympathetic trunk ganglia and prevertebral ganglia.

    Additional details from later slides

    • Raynaud's phenomenon: excessive sympathetic stimulation in blood vessels of fingers and toes causes vasoconstriction, leading to numbness and ischemia.
    • The autonomic nervous system has major plexuses (networks of nerves) in abdomen and pelvis, named after the arteries associated with them.
    • There are different types of nerve pathways and processes relating to these pathways.

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    Related Documents

    Principles of Anatomy and Physiology: The Autonomic Nervous System PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge of the autonomic nervous system, including its divisions, neuron types, and neurotransmitter functions. This quiz covers key concepts and details about sympathetic and parasympathetic systems that operate without conscious control. Dive into the intricacies of preganglionic neurons and their roles in maintaining internal homeostasis.

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