Autonomic Nervous System Overview
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Questions and Answers

Which cranial nerve is primarily responsible for innervating the lacrimal gland?

  • Oculomotor Nerve
  • Glossopharyngeal Nerve
  • Vagus Nerve
  • Facial Nerve (correct)

    • What is the primary function of the parasympathetic nervous system?

  • Stimulating 'fight or flight' responses
  • Enhancing cardiac output
  • Promoting digestion and energy conservation (correct)
  • Inhibiting glandular secretions

    • Damage to which cranial nerve would most likely affect salivation?

  • Oculomotor Nerve
  • Abducens Nerve
  • Facial Nerve (correct)
  • Accessory Nerve

    • Which ganglion is associated with the Glossopharyngeal Nerve?

    <p>Otic Ganglion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of fibers do preganglionic neurons in the autonomic nervous system carry?

    <p>Autonomic fibers only (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following functions is NOT typically associated with the parasympathetic nervous system?

    <p>Increased respiratory rate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Vagus Nerve in the parasympathetic nervous system?

    <p>Innervates the digestive tract up to the left colic flexure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve has branches that facilitate taste sensation as well as parasympathetic functions?

    <p>Facial Nerve (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve primarily provides parasympathetic fibers to the majority of the muscles of the pharynx, soft palate, and larynx?

    <p>Vagus Nerve (X) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ganglion is associated with the otic ganglion?

    <p>Glossopharyngeal Nerve (IX) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of fibers are conveyed by the facial nerve (VII) in relation to the lacrimal gland?

    <p>Parasympathetic fibers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Damage to which nerves may lead to a loss of parasympathetic innervation to the smooth muscles of the gastrointestinal tract?

    <p>Pelvic Splanchnic Nerves (S2-S4) (B), Vagus Nerve (X) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would happen if the short ciliary nerves were damaged?

    <p>Inability to dilate the pupils (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve conveys special sensory fibers responsible for taste sensation to the tongue?

    <p>Facial Nerve (VII) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement regarding the parotid gland is incorrect?

    <p>It is innervated by the vagus nerve. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve carries both parasympathetic fibers and special sensory fibers?

    <p>Glossopharyngeal Nerve (IX) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Vagus Nerve Function

    The vagus nerve carries parasympathetic fibers to the trachea, bronchi, and most of the GI tract; it also regulates heart rate and provides visceral sensation.

    Cranial Nerve Parasympathetic Fibers

    Specific cranial nerves carry parasympathetic fibers (PS) to organs like the heart, glands, and smooth muscles in the digestive system.

    Otic Ganglion and Cranial Nerve

    The nerve synapsing at the otic ganglion is supplied by the mandibular nerve (branch of cranial nerve V3).

    Cranial Nerve with All Fiber Types

    The vagus nerve (cranial nerve X) contains general sensory afferents (GSA), special somatic efferents (SSE), and general visceral efferents (GVE).

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    Parasympathetic Innervation of Parotid Gland

    The parotid gland is innervated by a branch of the mandibular nerve, which synapses at the otic ganglion.

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    Submandibular and Sublingual Glands Innervation

    The submandibular and sublingual glands are innervated by the submandibular ganglion.

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    Cranial Nerves with SSA/PS

    Some cranial nerves containing parasympathetic fibers also carry special sensory afferent (SSA) fibers.

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    Cranial Nerves with GSE/PS

    Some cranial nerves containing parasympathetic fibers also carry general somatic efferent (SSE) fibers.

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    Parasympathetic nervous system

    A division of the autonomic nervous system responsible for rest and digestion, conserving energy.

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    Autonomic Nervous System

    The part of the nervous system that controls involuntary functions, adapting internal state to environment.

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    Cranial Parasympathetic Nerves

    Cranial nerves (III, VII, IX, X) that carry parasympathetic fibers to various organs.

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    Oculomotor Nerve

    Cranial nerve III; associated with pupil constriction and eye movement; synapses at ciliary ganglion.

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    Facial Nerve Branches

    The Facial nerve (VII) has branches to glands (lacrimal, submandibular, sublingual) and taste buds.

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    Glossopharyngeal Nerve

    Cranial nerve IX; carries parasympathetic fibers to the parotid gland and participates in taste.

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    Vagus nerve

    Cranial nerve X, carries parasympathetic fibers to many organs in the thorax and abdomen (up to the left colic flexure of the large intestine).

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    Ganglia (Parasympathetic)

    Clusters of nerve cell bodies outside the CNS; relay signals from preganglionic to postganglionic fibers.

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    Study Notes

    Autonomic Nervous System

    • The autonomic nervous system (ANS) adapts an organism's internal state to environmental changes without conscious thought.
    • It innervates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands, as well as GVA fibers from viscera, blood vessels and glands to the central nervous system (CNS).
    • The ANS is a two-neuron pathway.
      • Pre-ganglionic neurons have their cell bodies located in the CNS.
      • Post-ganglionic neurons have their cell bodies located in peripheral ganglia.

    Parasympathetic Division

    • The parasympathetic division is the restful or energy-conserving division, often called "rest and digest".
    • The parasympathetic division innervates the smooth muscle of the trachea, bronchi and gastro-intestinal tract (up to the distal 1/3rd of the transverse colon).
    • It also regulates heart rhythm and provides visceral sensation to the organ.

    Cranial Parasympathetic

    • Cranial parasympathetic nerves include cranial nerves III, VII, IX and X.
      • Oculomotor nerve: (ciliary ganglion>pupilla)
      • Facial nerve: (pterygopalatine&submandibular ganglia>lacrimal gland, submandibular and sublingual glands)
      • Glossopharyngeal nerve: (otic ganglion>parotid gland)
      • Vagus nerve: (intramural ganglia>all the organs up to the left colic flexure of the large intestines)

    Sacral Parasympathetic

    • Sacral parasympathetic nerves (S2-S4) innervate the area starting the distal 1/3rd of transverse colon all the way down.

    Ciliary Ganglion

    • The ciliary ganglion is a ganglion that is a part of the parasympathetic nervous system
    • Oculomotor Nerve innervates the ciliary ganglion
    • The ganglion regulates pupil size, and it has short ciliary nerves that innervate the smooth muscle of the eye.

    Facial Nerve

    • Innervates the salivary glands, including nasal and palatine glands, submandibular and sublingual glands, and the lacrimal glands.
    • It has connections with pterygopalatine ganglion and submandibular ganglion.

    Glossopharyngeal Nerve

    • The glossopharyngeal nerve innervates the parotid gland and participates in taste sensation on the posterior 1/3 of the tongue.
    • The glossopharyngeal nerve has connections with the otic ganglion and the tympanic nerve.

    Vagus Nerve

    • The vagus nerve is a part of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system.
    • It provides sensory, motor, and parasympathetic innervation to various organs in the thoracic and abdominal cavities.
    • The vagus nerve plays a crucial role in regulating numerous bodily functions, including digestion, heart rate, and respiration.

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    Autonomic Nervous System PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the autonomic nervous system and its cranial nerves with this quiz. Explore the roles of various nerves, their functions, and the ganglia associated with them. Perfect for students studying anatomy and physiology.

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