53 Questions
What is the main function of the motor (efferent) division of the nervous system?
To transmit impulses from the brain to the muscles and glands
What are the three main branches that a spinal nerve divides into shortly after exiting the intervertebral foramen?
Dorsal ramus, ventral ramus, and communicating ramus
What type of information is carried by the dorsal ramus of a spinal nerve?
Both sensory and motor information
What is the function of a nerve plexus?
To ensure that all parts of the body are innervated
What are the root values of the phrenic nerve?
C5, C6, C7
What is the difference between the somatic and autonomic subdivisions of the motor nervous system?
Both a and b
What is the main function of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)?
To control involuntary bodily functions
How many neurons make up the two-neuron system of the Autonomic Nervous System?
At least two neurons
Which division of the ANS is responsible for the 'fight-or-flight' response?
Sympathetic Nervous System
Where are the cell bodies of the preganglionic neurons located in the Parasympathetic Nervous System?
In the brainstem and sacral region of the spinal cord
Where are the cell bodies of the postganglionic neurons located in the Sympathetic Nervous System?
In the cervical, thoracic, and abdominal ganglia separate from the target organs
What is the relationship between the preganglionic and postganglionic neurons in the Sympathetic Nervous System?
The preganglionic neuron synapses on a postganglionic neuron in a remote ganglion, not necessarily the closest one.
What is the function of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?
Maintain homeostasis and rest and digest functions
How many neurons are involved in the autonomic motor circuit?
2 neurons
Which of the following is NOT a part of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?
Spinal cord
Which division of the nervous system controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscles?
Somatic efferent division
What is the primary function of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?
Prepare the body for fight or flight responses
Which of the following is NOT a part of the spinal nerves?
12 cranial nerves
What is the primary function of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?
To promote rest, digestion, and homeostasis
What is the difference between the somatic and autonomic subdivisions of the motor nervous system?
Somatic motor nerves innervate voluntary skeletal muscles, while autonomic motor nerves innervate involuntary smooth and cardiac muscles.
Which division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the 'fight-or-flight' response?
Sympathetic division
How many neurons are involved in the autonomic motor circuit?
2
Where are the cell bodies of the postganglionic neurons located in the Parasympathetic Nervous System?
In the terminal ganglia on the structures innervated
What is the relationship between the preganglionic and postganglionic neurons in the Sympathetic Nervous System?
The preganglionic neurons have their cell bodies in the gray matter of the spinal cord, while the postganglionic neurons have their cell bodies in a peripheral ganglion.
Which division of the Autonomic Nervous System controls the 'fight or flight' response?
Sympathetic Nervous System
What is the function of a nerve plexus?
To distribute and rearrange nerve fibers, allowing for the innervation of a larger area of the body.
Where are the nerve cell bodies of post-ganglionic neurons located in the Sympathetic Nervous System?
In identifiable cervical, thoracic, or abdominal ganglia
What is the main function of the Parasympathetic Nervous System?
Rest and digest - homeostasis
Which region of the spinal cord houses the cell bodies of pre-ganglionic neurons in the Parasympathetic Nervous System?
Sacral region
What is characteristic of a preganglionic sympathetic axon synapsing on a postganglionic cell body in the Sympathetic Nervous System?
Synapses on a cell body in a remote ganglion, not necessarily in the closest one
Which of the following structures carries both sensory and motor information?
Ramus communicans
What is the primary function of a nerve plexus?
To ensure that all parts of the body are innervated
Which of the following is NOT a root value of the phrenic nerve?
C4
What is the primary function of the somatic subdivision of the motor nervous system?
To innervate voluntary skeletal muscles
Which of the following statements about the autonomic nervous system is correct?
It deals with the automatic control of body functions
What type of information does the dorsal ramus of a spinal nerve carry?
Both sensory and motor information to and from the epaxial structures
What is the primary function of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?
To control the 'fight or flight' response
How many neurons are involved in the autonomic motor circuit?
Two neurons
Where are the cell bodies of the postganglionic neurons located in the Parasympathetic Nervous System?
In ganglia close to or within the target organ
What is the function of a nerve plexus?
To distribute and organize the nerves that innervate a region of the body
Which division of the Autonomic Nervous System controls the 'fight or flight' response?
Sympathetic Nervous System
What is the main function of the Parasympathetic Nervous System?
To control the 'rest and digest' functions of the body
Where are the cell bodies of postganglionic neurons located in the Sympathetic Nervous System?
In the terminal ganglia on the structures innervated
Which division of the Autonomic Nervous System is often referred to as the 'craniosacral system'?
Parasympathetic Nervous System
In the Autonomic Nervous System, where does the axon of a preganglionic neuron synapse onto a second autonomic neuron?
In an autonomic ganglion
Which part of the spine houses the nerve cell bodies of post-ganglionic neurons in the Parasympathetic Nervous System?
Sacral region
What is the primary function of a preganglionic sympathetic axon in the Sympathetic Nervous System?
To synapse on a postganglionic cell body in a remote ganglion
Where are the nerve cell bodies of pre-ganglionic neurons located in the Parasympathetic Nervous System?
In the brainstem and sacral region of the spinal cord
What is the purpose of a nerve plexus in the nervous system?
To combine sets of ventral rami of spinal nerves that serve the same area of the body
Which type of muscle tissue is primarily innervated by the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)?
Involuntary tissues such as smooth muscle and cardiac muscle
What is the primary function of the ventral ramus of a spinal nerve?
Transporting motor and sensory information to and from the rest of the body
How many neurons are involved in the efferent output of the Somatic Nervous System?
One neuron
Which division of the Autonomic Nervous System is responsible for controlling involuntary bodily functions?
Visceral division
Learn about the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) which controls automatic bodily functions. Explore the two-neuron system, involving preganglionic and postganglionic neurons, as well as the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.
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