CNS

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What neurotransmitter is primarily used at postganglionic synapses in the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?

Serotonin

Epinephrine (correct)

Dopamine

Acetylcholine

Which division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the 'Flight or Fight' response system?

Enteric division

Sympathetic division (correct)

Somatic division

Parasympathetic division

From where do parasympathetic fibers leave the central nervous system?

Brainstem and sacral portion of the spinal cord (correct)

Thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord

Cervical region of the spinal cord

Coccygeal region of the spinal cord

What is the major neurotransmitter used at both pre- and postganglionic synapses in the parasympathetic division?

Acetylcholine Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter is used by nonadrenergic and noncholinergic postganglionic neurons?

Nitric oxide Signup and view all the answers

What type of acetylcholine receptors are found in the autonomic ganglia?

Nicotinic receptors Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cholinergic receptors are present on smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and gland cells?

Muscarinic receptors Signup and view all the answers

What is the predominant composition of the mixture released by cells of the adrenal medulla upon activation?

80% epinephrine and 20% norepinephrine Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe catecholamines released by the adrenal medulla when transported via blood to effector cells?

Hormones Signup and view all the answers

Which division of the autonomic nervous system usually has an opposite effect on effector cells compared to the other division?

Parasympathetic division Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter is primarily found in the peripheral nervous system?

Epinephrine Signup and view all the answers

What is the enzyme responsible for degrading biogenic amine neurotransmitters made from tyrosine?

Monoamine oxidase Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter is NOT made from tyrosine?

Serotonin Signup and view all the answers

Adrenergic receptors are mainly linked to which type of signal transduction pathways?

G protein-coupled receptors Signup and view all the answers

Which biogenic amine neurotransmitter is NOT classified as a catecholamine?

Serotonin Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of neuromodulators compared to neurotransmitters?

Neuromodulators modify the effectiveness of ongoing synaptic activity over minutes, hours, or days. Signup and view all the answers

How do receptors for neuromodulators differ from receptors for neurotransmitters?

Receptors for neuromodulators bring about changes in metabolic processes. Signup and view all the answers

In Alzheimer's disease, which neurons are primarily affected?

Neurons associated with the ACh system Signup and view all the answers

Which condition can be therapeutically treated using low doses of botulinum toxin?

Uncontrollable blinking Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of neuromodulators in relation to learning and development?

Neuromodulators tend to be associated with slower events like learning and development. Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter is primarily involved in Parkinson's Disease?

Dopamine Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is commonly used to alleviate symptoms in the initial stages of Parkinson's Disease?

Deprenyl Signup and view all the answers

Which type of serotonin receptor is stimulated by LSD?

Serotonin receptor subtype Signup and view all the answers

Which area in the brain is responsible for the production of dopamine?

Substantia nigra Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI)?

Serotonin Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism for terminating the signal at a chemical synapse?

Reuptake of the neurotransmitter into the postsynaptic cell Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following neurotransmitters is primarily involved in the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?

Norepinephrine Signup and view all the answers

In the process of dual innervation, which of the following statements is true?

Both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions innervate the same target organ, but with opposite effects Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the adrenal medulla?

Production of glucocorticoids (e.g., cortisol) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following neurotransmitters is involved in both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

Acetylcholine Signup and view all the answers

What are the two major divisions of the Nervous System?

Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell is the basic cell type in both the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems?

Neurons Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Schwann cells in the Peripheral Nervous System?

Surround and form myelin sheaths around nerve fibers Signup and view all the answers

Which glial cells are involved in the myelin formation in the Central Nervous System?

Oligodendrocytes Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Astrocytes in the Central Nervous System?

Support cells Signup and view all the answers

Which part of a neuron is responsible for transmitting impulses at high speeds?

Axon Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of Microglia in the Central Nervous System?

"Immune system" of the CNS Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are vital for regeneration and proper nerve signal conduction in the Peripheral Nervous System?

"Schwann cells" Signup and view all the answers

What are Ependymal cells involved with in the Central Nervous System?

"Production of CSF and CSF movement" Signup and view all the answers

"Synapses can use both chemical and electrical stimuli to pass information." Which part of a neuron directly interacts with synapses?

"Axon" Signup and view all the answers

CNS

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Questions and Answers

What neurotransmitter is primarily used at postganglionic synapses in the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?

Which division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the 'Flight or Fight' response system?

From where do parasympathetic fibers leave the central nervous system?

What is the major neurotransmitter used at both pre- and postganglionic synapses in the parasympathetic division?

Which neurotransmitter is used by nonadrenergic and noncholinergic postganglionic neurons?

What type of acetylcholine receptors are found in the autonomic ganglia?

Which type of cholinergic receptors are present on smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and gland cells?

What is the predominant composition of the mixture released by cells of the adrenal medulla upon activation?

What is the term used to describe catecholamines released by the adrenal medulla when transported via blood to effector cells?

Which division of the autonomic nervous system usually has an opposite effect on effector cells compared to the other division?

Which neurotransmitter is primarily found in the peripheral nervous system?

What is the enzyme responsible for degrading biogenic amine neurotransmitters made from tyrosine?

Which neurotransmitter is NOT made from tyrosine?

Adrenergic receptors are mainly linked to which type of signal transduction pathways?

Which biogenic amine neurotransmitter is NOT classified as a catecholamine?

Which of the following best describes the role of neuromodulators compared to neurotransmitters?

How do receptors for neuromodulators differ from receptors for neurotransmitters?

In Alzheimer's disease, which neurons are primarily affected?

Which condition can be therapeutically treated using low doses of botulinum toxin?

What is a characteristic of neuromodulators in relation to learning and development?

Which neurotransmitter is primarily involved in Parkinson's Disease?

Which drug is commonly used to alleviate symptoms in the initial stages of Parkinson's Disease?

Which type of serotonin receptor is stimulated by LSD?

Which area in the brain is responsible for the production of dopamine?

Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI)?

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism for terminating the signal at a chemical synapse?

Which of the following neurotransmitters is primarily involved in the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?

In the process of dual innervation, which of the following statements is true?

Which of the following is NOT a function of the adrenal medulla?

Which of the following neurotransmitters is involved in both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

What are the two major divisions of the Nervous System?

Which type of cell is the basic cell type in both the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems?

What is the function of Schwann cells in the Peripheral Nervous System?

Which glial cells are involved in the myelin formation in the Central Nervous System?

What is the role of Astrocytes in the Central Nervous System?

Which part of a neuron is responsible for transmitting impulses at high speeds?

What is the main function of Microglia in the Central Nervous System?

Which cells are vital for regeneration and proper nerve signal conduction in the Peripheral Nervous System?

What are Ependymal cells involved with in the Central Nervous System?

"Synapses can use both chemical and electrical stimuli to pass information." Which part of a neuron directly interacts with synapses?

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