39 Questions
What is the main effect of the sympathetic nervous system on gastrointestinal (GI) motility and secretion?
Inhibits GI motility and secretion
Which of the following organ systems has dual innervation by both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems?
Digestive tract (GIT)
What is the relationship between the effects of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems on the same organ?
The effects can be antagonistic, complementary, or cooperative depending on the organ
What is the purpose of the sympathetic tone?
To maintain blood pressure and blood glucose levels
What is the role of the parasympathetic tone (or vagal tone) on the heart?
It decreases heart rate
What are the main symptoms of Horner's syndrome?
Drooping eyelid, pupil constriction, and decreased sweating
Which of the following is an organ system with dual innervation by the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems?
All of the above
What is the main effect of the sympathetic nervous system on the pupil of the eye?
Dilation of the pupil
What type of receptors are adrenergic receptors?
G proteincoupled receptors
Which neurotransmitter excites more receptors than receptors?
Norepinephrine
What type of response is typically induced by the interaction of catecholamines with 2 and 2 receptors?
Inhibitory response
Which of the following organs is mainly affected by epinephrine due to its greater effect on stimulating the receptors?
Heart
Which neurotransmitter causes stronger constriction of blood vessels in muscles?
Norepinephrine
Which type of receptor is the muscarinic receptor M-AChR?
G proteincoupled receptor
Where are some postganglionic sympathetic terminals located?
Sweat glands & blood vessels of skeletal muscle
What is the primary neurotransmitter released at parasympathetic postganglionic synapses?
Acetylcholine
Which neurotransmitter is primarily released by postganglionic sympathetic neurons?
Norepinephrine
At which synapses are nicotinic acetylcholine receptors found?
Autonomic ganglia
What happens when acetylcholine binds to nicotinic receptors on postganglionic neurons?
Sodium ions flow into the cell, causing depolarization and an action potential
Which of the following is NOT a type of autonomic ganglion?
Basal ganglion
What is the primary function of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors at autonomic ganglia?
To transmit signals between preganglionic and postganglionic neurons
Which statement about enophthalmos is true?
Both A and B are correct
What is the primary function of the nicotinic receptors at the autonomic ganglia?
To transmit signals from preganglionic to postganglionic neurons
What is the primary purpose of the alarm or stress response?
To increase the body's ability to perform vigorous muscle activity
What is the primary effect of the sympathetic nervous system during the stress response?
Discharges simultaneously as a complete unit
Which of the following is NOT a stress factor that can trigger the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine?
Prolonged exposure to warm temperatures
Which hormone has a 5 to 10 times greater metabolic effect than norepinephrine?
Epinephrine
During the stress response, what happens to the blood flow to active muscles?
It increases to provide more oxygen and nutrients
What is the primary effect of the stress response on cellular metabolism throughout the body?
It increases cellular metabolism to provide more energy
Which of the following is NOT a result of the stress response?
Decreased glycolysis in the liver and muscles
What is the primary function of the hormones released during the stress response?
To provide extra activation of the body in states of stress
What involuntary body functions are primarily controlled by the autonomic nervous system?
Digestion, respiration, and heart rate
Which division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for constricting pupils and slowing heart rate?
Parasympathetic NS
Which division of the autonomic nervous system is associated with activities like dilation of pupils and increasing heart rate?
Sympathetic NS
What effect does the sympathetic nervous system have on arterial blood pressure?
Increase
Which division of the autonomic nervous system stimulates gastrointestinal motility and secretion?
Parasympathetic NS
'Far vision' is primarily associated with which division of the autonomic nervous system?
Sympathetic NS
Which division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for increasing blood flow to active muscles and organs?
Sympathetic NS
'Near vision' is primarily associated with which division of the autonomic nervous system?
'Near vision' is primarily associated with the parasympathetic
Test your knowledge on the main functions of the autonomic nervous system which control involuntary body functions such as respiration, heart rate, and digestion. Explore the differences between sympathetic and parasympathetic systems.
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