Autoimmunity Concepts

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of dendritic cells in the activation of autoreactive immune cells?

Dendritic cells present self-antigens to B and T-cells only in the absence of inflammation.
Dendritic cells directly eliminate autoreactive B and T-cells in the thymus.
Dendritic cells, activated by tissue damage and pattern recognition receptors, can trigger autoimmune B and T-cells. (correct)
Dendritic cells are primarily involved in activating immune tolerance, preventing autoreactive cell activation.

A researcher is investigating a new drug that aims to prevent the development of autoimmune diseases. Based on the information provided, which of the following mechanisms would be the MOST promising target for the drug?

Blocking pattern recognition receptors on dendritic cells to prevent their activation by self-antigens. (correct)
Inhibiting the migration of B-cells from the bone marrow to the spleen.
Enhancing the production of autoantibodies to create immune complexes.
Promoting molecular mimicry to induce tolerance to self-antigens.

A patient presents with fatigue, joint pain, and a skin rash. The physician suspects an autoimmune disorder. Which combination of diagnostic tests would be MOST informative in initially assessing the patient?

Skin biopsy and MRI of affected joints.
Genetic testing for MHC variants and viral culture.
Full blood count, inflammatory markers, and autoantibody testing. (correct)
Allergy testing and liver function tests.

How does the mechanism of 'epitope spreading' contribute to the chronic nature of autoimmune diseases?

By causing autoantibodies to spread within parts of the same protein, leading to prolonged inflammation. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios BEST illustrates the concept of molecular mimicry in the context of autoimmune disease development?

A bacterial infection expressing peptides similar to self-peptides, causing the activation of self-reactive B and T-cells. (B) Signup and view all the answers

A researcher discovers a novel autoantibody in a patient's blood sample. What conclusion can be reliably drawn based solely on this finding?

The patient has an increased risk of developing an autoimmune disease, but may not necessarily develop one. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Several checkpoints exist during B and T-cell development to prevent autoimmunity. What is the primary purpose of these checkpoints?

To eliminate self-reactive B and T-cells, thus establishing immune tolerance. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why are immunosuppressants commonly used in the treatment of autoimmune diseases, despite their potential side effects?

To reduce the inflammatory response and slow down the autoimmune process. (C) Signup and view all the answers

In lupus, autoantibodies often target proteins within the cell's nucleus, leading to widespread damage. Why does this particular characteristic cause such broad effects in the body?

Nuclear proteins are present in all cells throughout the body. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Environmental factors, such as viral or bacterial infections, can influence the development of autoimmune diseases. What is the MOST likely mechanism by which these factors contribute to autoimmunity?

Triggering immune responses that lead to the activation of autoreactive T and B-cells through molecular mimicry or bystander activation. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Autoimmunity

The immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own cells and tissues.

Examples of autoimmune diseases

Type 1 Diabetes, Multiple Sclerosis, Lupus, and Rheumatoid Arthritis.