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Questions and Answers
What proinflammatory cytokines are produced by macrophages when activated by diabetogenic factors?
What proinflammatory cytokines are produced by macrophages when activated by diabetogenic factors?
- Interleukin-2, interferon-alpha, transforming growth factor-beta
- Interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-beta, interleukin-10
- Interferon-beta, interleukin-5, tumor necrosis factor-alpha
- Interleukin-1, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-gamma (correct)
Which gene is expressed in the B-cell by IL-1, leading to increased nitric oxide production and contributing to beta-cell destruction?
Which gene is expressed in the B-cell by IL-1, leading to increased nitric oxide production and contributing to beta-cell destruction?
- GLUT2 gene
- Leptin gene
- INOS gene (correct)
- INS gene
What effect do nicotinamide and aminoguanidine have on beta-cell destruction in type 1 DM?
What effect do nicotinamide and aminoguanidine have on beta-cell destruction in type 1 DM?
- Increase INOS expression
- Inhibit INOS expression and reduce NO formation (correct)
- Reduce insulin production
- Intensify NO formation
What is the significance of reduced GLUT 2 levels on the cytoplasmic membrane of beta cells?
What is the significance of reduced GLUT 2 levels on the cytoplasmic membrane of beta cells?
How does immune-mediated type 1 DM typically present in terms of age?
How does immune-mediated type 1 DM typically present in terms of age?
Which of the following markers is NOT a typical indicator of immune destruction of B-cells?
Which of the following markers is NOT a typical indicator of immune destruction of B-cells?
What is the main role played by T lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?
What is the main role played by T lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?
Which of the following is NOT a metabolic marker of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?
Which of the following is NOT a metabolic marker of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?
Which isoform of NO synthase appears in cells when the levels of proinflammatory cytokines increase and can be secreted directly into the B-cell?
Which isoform of NO synthase appears in cells when the levels of proinflammatory cytokines increase and can be secreted directly into the B-cell?
Which cells initiate the cascade of immune responses leading to B-cell destruction in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?
Which cells initiate the cascade of immune responses leading to B-cell destruction in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?
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