Module 2_Unit 2 (Part 3)

What does abnormal results in the BSP test may indicate?

How is the normal liver function determined in the BSP test?

Which of the following substances is NOT metabolized in the liver?

What diagnostic tests can be used to assess cirrhosis?

Which of the following is a possible consequence of impaired metabolic liver function?

What do abnormal results in the BSP test suggest?

Which condition is characterized by diffuse fibrosis with nodular regeneration in the liver?

Which type of bilirubin is increased in Gilbert's syndrome?

Which condition is associated with a rise in prothrombin time and a decrease in platelet count?

Which liver function test ratio is typically elevated in cirrhosis?

Which condition presents with intense itching, swelling in legs & abdomen, and bleeding from the GI tract?

What is the primary symptom of Dubin-Johnson syndrome?

'End stage of scar formation and regeneration in chronic liver injury' describes which liver condition?

What is the main characteristic of chronic hepatitis?

Which virus is NOT typically associated with causing hepatic viral infection?

What is a major predisposing factor for cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma?

In non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, fatty liver disease results from:

Which factor is NOT associated with the development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis?

What distinguishes acute hepatitis from chronic hepatitis?

Which component is NOT a major component of chronic hepatitis?

In viral hepatitis, what enzymes show marked elevations, often 8-50 times the upper limit?

Which type of hepatitis may show a transient increase in lactate dehydrogenase?

What is a characteristic of drug-induced hepatitis in terms of ALT and AST activities?

Which enzyme may be increased in some cases of acute hepatitis in addition to GGT?

What type of hepatitis is identified by various viruses including CMV and EBV?

Which form of drug-induced hepatitis is characterized by an increase in ALP?

What enzyme typically peaks before the peak of bilirubin in viral hepatitis?

What is the structure of Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) similar to?

Which liver disease is commonly associated with Anti-Mitochondrial Antibody detection?

What is the main diagnostic importance of Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in liver health screenings?

Which enzyme has the longest half-life among the ones listed?

Which test is NOT commonly used for detecting liver autoimmune diseases?

What is the role of Anti-Mitochondrial Antibodies in autoimmune liver diseases?

Which liver disease is characterized by destruction of both intra and extrahepatic bile ducts?

What is a common symptom associated with Ischemic Hepatitis?

What is kernicterus?

What are early symptoms seen among infants at risk for kernicterus?

How can unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia be treated in infants with elevated bilirubin concentrations?

What percentage of affected infants may die within the first week if left untreated for kernicterus?

Which of the following neurological signs is NOT associated with kernicterus?

What is the primary cause of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia in low-birth-weight infants?

What is the major risk factor leading to the development of kernicterus in infants?

Which type of bilirubin is elevated in Crigler-Najjar Syndrome Type I?

What is the primary cause of severe brain damage leading to death in most patients with Crigler-Najjar Syndrome Type I?

Which type of bilirubin is elevated in Crigler-Najjar Syndrome Type II?

What is the characteristic feature of UDPGT deficiency in Crigler-Najjar Syndrome Type II?

What distinguishes Crigler-Najjar Syndrome Type I from Type II in terms of serum bilirubin concentration?

What is the main cause of mild hyperbilirubinemia lasting for the first 2 to 3 weeks of life in Lucey-Driscoll Syndrome?

What contributes to the less severe nature of Crigler-Najjar Syndrome Type II compared to Type I?

What liver enzyme is typically inhibited in Gilbert's syndrome, leading to elevated serum unconjugated bilirubin?

Which enzyme is released in cases of mitochondrial damage?

What is the main mechanism of enzyme release due to irreversible damage?

Which enzyme is increased in cases of obstructive processes?

What is the primary symptom of cirrhosis that generally leads to a poor prognosis?

Which enzyme ratio is typically elevated in cirrhosis and indicates liver dysfunction?

What feature helps differentiate cirrhosis from other liver conditions in terms of symptoms?

In cirrhosis, what is a common consequence of reduced liver function indicated by laboratory features before clinical findings?

What is a key symptom associated with cirrhosis that is often related to decreased liver function?

Which of the following symptoms could indicate advanced cirrhosis and complications associated with liver disease?

In acute hepatocellular injury, which enzyme activity is initially higher and then followed by an increase in ALT due to higher activity of the previous enzyme?

Which liver enzyme has a longer half-life and thus remains elevated longer than AST in cases of acute hepatocellular injury?

In acute hepatitis, which enzyme may show a transient increase due to its shorter half-life and return to normal by the time clinical symptoms are observed?

Which liver enzyme appears normal in acute hepatocellular injury but may be minimally elevated in some cases along with an increase in GGT?

Which liver enzyme shows higher activity in hepatocytes and is approximately 7000 times higher in those cells than in plasma during acute hepatocellular injury?

In acute hepatocellular injury, which enzyme's elevation is a hallmark and serves as the best predictor of prognosis?

Which liver enzyme activity is higher than that of AST in most types of liver diseases, except in specific conditions like alcoholic hepatitis and liver neoplasia?

During acute hepatocellular injury, which enzyme is affected due to membrane damage and results in the release of membrane fragments with attached canalicular enzymes?

What is the major acute liver disease that often presents as jaundice?

Which mechanism of cell death involves cell participation in its own demise?

What are the long-term complications of chronic liver injury?

Which viruses primarily target the liver in hepatic viral infections?

Which form of cell death involves nuclear chromatin condensation and fragmentation?

What determines the pattern of injury in hepatocellular injury?

What is the primary difference between Crigler-Najjar Syndrome Type I and Type II?

Which enzyme deficiency is seen in Gilbert's syndrome that leads to hyperbilirubinemia?

What is the main cause of death in patients with Crigler-Najjar Syndrome Type I?

Which type of bilirubin is elevated in Crigler-Najjar Syndrome Type I?

What is the effect of UDPGT deficiency in Crigler-Najjar Syndrome Type II?

What is the major predisposing factor for cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma?

What is a common cause of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis?

Which liver disease represents a rapidly progressive form of chronic hepatitis?

What is the characteristic type of liver inflammation in acute hepatitis?

Which condition is characterized by ongoing inflammatory damage to hepatocytes and scarring?

What is a common cause of rare hepatic jaundice?

Which condition is characterized by a decrease or defective production and maturation of RBCs from bone marrow?

What can lead to an increase in bilirubin levels due to the release of myoglobin?

Which type of liver disease can be caused by intrinsic liver diseases such as defects in bilirubin metabolism & transport?

What is the primary result of ineffective erythropoiesis in the liver?

Which enzyme shows higher activity in hepatocytes and is approximately 7000 times higher in those cells than in plasma during acute hepatocellular injury?

What is the main cause of mild hyperbilirubinemia lasting for the first 2 to 3 weeks of life in Gilbert's syndrome?

What distinguishes Acute Hepatitis from Chronic Hepatitis?

What is a major predisposing factor for cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma?

Which condition is characterized by irreversible liver damage that cannot easily be reversed?

What is the primary method for treating liver damage caused by alcohol abuse?

In post-hepatic jaundice, what is the primary cause of biliary obstructive disease?

What lab tests are helpful in distinguishing the chronicity of liver injury?

What is the main consequence of obstructive processes in cases of post-hepatic jaundice?

What liver function test is used to assess excretory function in patients with post-hepatic jaundice?

Which type of jaundice is characterized by blocked bile ducts and progression to portal hypotension?

Which liver function test is most crucial in determining the extent of liver injury in patients?

What distinguishes chronic HBV infection from chronic HCV infection?

Which autoimmune hepatitis diagnostic method involves the detection of anti-liver-kidney microsomal antigen type 1?

In which condition does fat and inflammation accumulate in the liver despite minimal to no alcohol intake?

What is the primary cause of Gilbert's syndrome?

Which enzyme ratio is typically elevated in cirrhosis indicating liver dysfunction?

Which liver enzyme has a longer half-life leading to prolonged elevation in acute hepatocellular injury?

'Cirrhosis' is characterized by which of the following?

Where are canalicular enzymes situated in the cell?

In cases of mitochondrial damage, which enzyme is released?

What is the mechanism of enzyme release mainly due to?

Which enzyme is an example of a cytoplasmic enzyme?

What is used to assess the rate of metabolism?

Which enzymes are typically released as a result of mitochondrial damage?

What is the role of cytoplasmic enzymes in hepatocellular injury?

Which location in the cell houses enzymes that increase in cases of obstructive processes?

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of chronic hepatitis compared to Gilbert Syndrome?

What is the main cause of jaundice in Gilbert Syndrome?

What is the type of bilirubin primarily affected in Gilbert Syndrome?

What causes the reduction in expression of the UGT1A1 gene in Gilbert Syndrome?

What enzyme activity is low in individuals with Gilbert Syndrome compared to normal values?