Autoantibodies in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Type 1 Diabetes Quiz

Rheumatic heart disease, which occurs when the infection leads to damage to heart valves, either following the initial ARF or following repeated attacks of GAS infection with different M types.

Its high antigenicity and ability to cross-react with cardiac myofiber protein myosin and perivascular connective tissues, leading to autoimmune response.

50-60 years old.

<p>Single amino acid substitutions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>M protein epitopes mimic those of mammalian muscle and connective tissue, leading to autoimmune response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An increased risk of developing Rheumatic heart disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence of autoantibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Infection of Group A Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Induce inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>About 10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Autoantibodies contribute to the pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Autoimmune response leading to selective destruction of the insulin-secreting beta cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Failure of tolerance, releasing sequestered antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Islet cell antibodies, antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase, insulin autoantibodies, and antibodies to tyrosine phosphatase</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genetic defect in the Aire gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antibody-antigen complexes inducing inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Breakdown of self-tolerance</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genetic predisposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Autoimmune diseases result from a breakdown in self-tolerance, leading to an immune response against self-antigens, as seen in rheumatoid arthritis and type 1 diabetes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are post-translational modifications that can trigger an autoimmune response, resulting in the production of autoantibodies such as ACPA and anti-CarP antibodies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An autoimmune response leads to the destruction of beta cells, resulting in a lack of insulin production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tests for autoantibodies, such as islet cell antibodies and glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies, can aid in the diagnosis of type 1 diabetes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A breakdown in self-tolerance allows the immune system to recognize self-antigens as foreign, leading to an autoimmune response and the development of autoimmune diseases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Autoantibodies against the Fc portion of IgG, such as rheumatoid factor, form antibody-antigen complexes that induce inflammation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genetic predisposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Failures of tolerance</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antibody cross-reactions between streptococcal antigens and human proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Autoreactive T cells contribute to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases by recognizing and responding to self-antigens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Loss of tolerance to self-antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Molecular mimicry due to immune response to infectious agents</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The antigenic epitopes of M protein mimic those of mammalian muscle and connective tissue, leading to cross-reactivity and autoimmune responses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>M protein is a significant virulence factor of GAS, and its antigenic variation is primarily due to single amino acid substitutions, leading to the development of autoimmune responses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reinfections with different M types of GAS lead to repeated stimulation of the immune system, causing damage to heart valves and increasing the risk of Rheumatic Heart Disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ARF is a precursor to Rheumatic Heart Disease, and the inflammation and tissue damage caused by ARF can lead to the development of Rheumatic Heart Disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rheumatoid Arthritis is a chronic disease that affects multiple joints, often starting in the small joints of the hands and feet, leading to deformities and inflammation of the synovium and supporting tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The immune system responds to GAS infections by mounting an immune response, which can cross-react with host tissues, leading to autoimmune responses and diseases such as Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatoid Arthritis.</p> Signup and view all the answers