Autism Spectrum Disorder
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Questions and Answers

What is a characteristic of people with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in social communication?

  • Excellent nonverbal communication skills
  • Lack of reciprocity in social interaction (correct)
  • Strong interest in building relationships
  • Ability to maintain many friendships

    • What is a common comorbid disorder with Autism Spectrum Disorder?

  • Anxiety disorder
  • Eating disorder
  • Bipolar disorder
  • Intellectual disability (correct)

    • What is a possible genetic contribution to Autism Spectrum Disorder?

  • Paternal age (correct)
  • Grandparental age
  • Siblings with ASD
  • Advanced maternal age

    • Which brain region is implicated in Autism Spectrum Disorder?

    <p>Social brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of brain structure in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder?

    <p>Abnormal synaptic density and neural connections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible cause of Autism Spectrum Disorder?

    <p>Epigenetic factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common difficulty in social cognition in infants and toddlers with Autism Spectrum Disorder?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an early deficit in social cognition in infants and toddlers with Autism Spectrum Disorder?

    <p>Difficulty with joint attention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three areas of social communication deficits in individuals with autism spectrum disorder?

    <p>Social-emotional reciprocity, nonverbal communication, and interpersonal relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common comorbid condition with autism spectrum disorder?

    <p>Communication Disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder in boys compared to girls?

    <p>Boys &gt; girls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of restricted, repetitive behaviors, interests, or activities in individuals with autism spectrum disorder?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a unique strength of individuals with autism spectrum disorder?

    <p>Unique abilities and talents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the age range in which autism spectrum disorder typically emerges?

    <p>Early childhood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common deficit in social cognition exhibited by infants and toddlers who are later diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder?

    <p>Joint attention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a factor that influences the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which brain structure is responsible for face processing and is often underactive in individuals with ASD?

    <p>Fusiform gyrus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the amygdala in individuals with ASD?

    <p>Reduced activity and smaller size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common deficit in children with ASD?

    <p>Executive function and joint attention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary principle of Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)?

    <p>Learned behavior can be changed through reinforcement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical age of first diagnosis for ASD?

    <p>Early childhood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common difficulty experienced by children with ASD during preschool age?

    <p>Difficulty with symbolic play</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the prefrontal cortex in individuals with ASD?

    <p>Underactivity and reduced size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a risk factor for ASD?

    <p>Having older parents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the Pivotal Response Treatment?

    <p>To address motivation and self-regulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach views autism as a developmental disorder?

    <p>The Early Start Denver Model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Augmentative and Alternative Communication?

    <p>To compensate for language deficits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of the TEACCH program?

    <p>To provide structured teaching to improve communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the Picture Exchange Communication System?

    <p>To improve communicative function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main benefit of Speech-Generating Devices?

    <p>They provide new options for communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following interventions has limited scientific support?

    <p>Treatments with lack of empirical support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of Reciprocal Imitation and Joint Attention Training?

    <p>To improve joint attention symbolic play engagement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Description and Etiology of Autism Spectrum Disorder

    • ASD is a disorder characterized by social communication deficits, restricted and repetitive behaviors, and unique strengths.
    • The prevalence of ASD varies by gender, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status.
    • Early deficits in social cognition typically shown by infants and toddlers who are later diagnosed with ASD include:
      • Social-emotional reciprocity deficits
      • Nonverbal communication deficits
      • Deficits in interpersonal relationships
    • Restricted, repetitive behaviors, interests, or activities include:
      • Stereotyped or repetitive behavior
      • Excessive adherence to routines
      • Fixated interests
      • Unusual sensitivity to sensory input
    • Comorbid disorders with ASD include:
      • Intellectual disability
      • Communication disorders

    Epidemiology of Autism Spectrum Disorder

    • Boys are more likely to be diagnosed with ASD than girls.
    • Boys have higher IQ scores than girls with ASD.
    • Boys have more profound deficits in IQ than girls with ASD.
    • Girls have more social communication problems and sleep and mood problems than boys with ASD.
    • Girls have better social linguistic functioning than boys with ASD.
    • Hormone differences may contribute to the prevalence of ASD in boys.

    Causes and Delays in Social Cognition

    • Genetic and environmental factors contribute to ASD.
    • The heritability of ASD is high.
    • Advanced parental age and grandparental age are associated with an increased risk of ASD.
    • Abnormalities in brain structure and functioning, including:
      • Social brain
      • Synaptic density and neural connections
      • Head circumference and brain density
      • Growth dysregulation hypothesis
    • Three brain regions implicated in ASD:
      • Amygdala (social and emotional functioning)
      • Fusiform gyrus (face processing)
      • Prefrontal cortex (executive function)

    Identification, Prevention, and Treatment

    • Early signs of ASD include:
      • Social-emotional reciprocity deficits
      • Nonverbal communication deficits
      • Deficits in interpersonal relationships
    • Routine screening is recommended for early diagnosis.
    • Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) is an evidence-based approach to treat ASD.
    • Pivotal Response Treatment (PRT) addresses motivation and self-regulation.
    • TEACCH is a comprehensive program for youth with ASD.
    • The Developmental Social-Pragmatic Model focuses on social communication skills.
    • The Early Start Denver Model (ESDM) combines two approaches to treat ASD.
    • Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) compensates for language deficits.
    • Speech-Generating Devices (SGDs) provide new options for communication.
    • Medications are used to treat ASD.
    • Interventions with limited scientific support should be avoided.

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    Related Documents

    ASD - slides.pptx

    Description

    This quiz covers the key features, signs, and symptoms of autism spectrum disorder, its prevalence, and early deficits in social cognition in infants and toddlers.

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