Attitudes and Attitude Change
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Questions and Answers

Define attitudes.

Attitudes are evaluations of people, objects, or ideas.

What are the three components of attitudes?

The three components of attitudes are affective (emotional responses toward attitude object), cognitive (thoughts and beliefs about attitude object), and behavioural (actions or observable behaviour toward the attitude object).

What are explicit attitudes?

Explicit attitudes are attitudes that we can consciously endorse and can easily report.

What are implicit attitudes?

<p>Implicit attitudes are attitudes that are involuntary, uncontrollable, and at times unconscious.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can attitudes be formed?

<p>Attitudes can be based on any of the three components (affective, cognitive, and behavioural), or a combination of them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What may explicit attitudes be formed based on?

<p>Explicit attitudes may be formed based on recent experiences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What may implicit attitudes be formed based on?

<p>Implicit attitudes may be formed based on childhood experiences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the topic of Attitudes Topic 6?

<p>The topic of Attitudes Topic 6 is attitudes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Do attitudes predict behaviour?

<p>The text does not provide a clear answer to whether attitudes predict behaviour.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is cognitive dissonance?

<p>Cognitive dissonance refers to the psychological discomfort that arises when a person holds conflicting beliefs or values.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the best predictors of planned, deliberate behaviors according to the Theory of Planned Behavior?

<p>Attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Elaboration Likelihood Model?

<p>A model that proposes two routes to attitude change - central route and peripheral route</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the central route in the Elaboration Likelihood Model?

<p>The route used when people pay attention to the arguments and their content</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the peripheral route in the Elaboration Likelihood Model?

<p>The route used when people do not pay attention to the arguments and are swayed by surface characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the Yale Attitude Change Approach, what are the factors that influence attitude change?

<p>Source of the communication, nature of the communication, and nature of the audience</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is fear-arousing communication?

<p>A persuasive message that attempts to change people's attitudes by arousing their fears</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the Yale Attitude Change Approach?

<p>Studying the conditions under which people are most likely to change their attitudes in response to persuasive messages</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Theory of Planned Behavior?

<p>A theory that predicts planned, deliberate behaviors based on attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the predictive power of attitudes according to Wicker (1969)?

<p>Often weak</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of persuasive communication?

<p>To advocate for a particular side of an issue</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is cognitive dissonance?

<p>Cognitive dissonance refers to a feeling of discomfort caused by the realization that one’s behavior is inconsistent with one’s attitudes, or that one holds two conflicting attitudes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is attitude inoculation?

<p>Attitude inoculation is the process of making people immune to attempts to change their attitudes by exposing them to small doses of the arguments against their position.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of product placement in advertising?

<p>The purpose of product placement in advertising is to get exposure for a product or brand by placing it in shows or movies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can cognitive defense reduce the effects of advertising?

<p>Cognitive defense involves using mental strategies to reduce the effects of advertising on oneself, which can also lead to biases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is post-decision dissonance?

<p>Post-decision dissonance refers to the dissonance that is aroused after making a decision, which is typically reduced by enhancing the attractiveness of the chosen alternative and devaluing the rejected alternative.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of dissonance on immoral behavior?

<p>Dissonance can lead to either more or less ethical behavior in the future.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the justification of effort?

<p>The justification of effort is the tendency for individuals to increase their liking for something they have worked hard to attain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the optimal level of fear in advertising?

<p>The optimal level of fear in advertising is one that can be perceived as a threat but also provides a way to mitigate it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of subliminal messages in advertising?

<p>Subliminal messages are words or pictures that are not consciously perceived but supposedly influence people's judgments, attitudes, and behaviors. However, they do not work in the real world as normal advertising works better.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can individuals resist persuasive messages?

<p>Individuals can resist persuasive messages through attitude inoculation, being aware of product placement, and using cognitive defense techniques.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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