Attention Theories and Concepts
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Questions and Answers

Quale eksemple deskriptas maximume bone koqteilis-festa efekto?

  • Atentar la parlanto dum kelk altri remarki esas audata da altra personi. (correct)
  • L'kapableso atentar a un konversatiano dum blokus la bruiso de la kofe ماشين.
  • Atento audiar la vorti del kantisto a koncerto.
  • L'intenteso studiar plu multe por bona grado

    • YuradReba es konstanta e ne povas movar inter stimuli.

    False (B)

    Quale faktori influas, quo ni atencas?

    Informa procesanta kapableso, kontrolo, aktivigo-nivelo, e interesantaji.

    Endel Tulving identifigis tri tipi de homal ______.

    <p>cnobiereba</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match li sequanta tipi de cnobiereba kun sua korespondanta tipo de memoro:

    <p>Anoeturi = Proceduruli Noeturi = Semantikuri Avtonoeturi = Epizoduri</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quale deskriptas proceduruli memoro segun li texto?

    <p>Kapableso por aquirar, retenar, e uzar habilesi. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cnobiereba inkluzas nur li konoco pri stimuli de li extera mondo.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quale Jemsi komparas cnobiereba?

    <p>Selektanta komitato</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quale de ca aspekti es konsiderat en studio di atentiono?

    <p>Omni mencionita (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Homi povas atendar ad omna stimulo de la extera mondo sen limiti.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quale nomesas la libro skribita da Donald Brodbent en 1958 qua relatas la limitita gamtarunarianeso di informationo-transformo?

    <p>Aqo e komunikado</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Segun la texto, homi atendas a ______ di la venanta informationo e rejektas la cetera.

    <p>parto</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match la sequanta konceptaji kun lia deskripti:

    <p>YuradReba = Koncentracio di mental esforco ad sensoral o konceptal eventi Gamtarunarianeso = Kapacitato selektar e traktar certa informationo inter multa Aqo = Rezulto di informaco-transformo da limitita-kapableso sistemo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quale hemisfero es maxim developita en personi qui excelas en mekanikal o spacala motivi?

    <p>Dextra hemisfero (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quale eventas kande la volumine di informaco excedes la kapableso di la organo di perceptiono?

    <p>La kanalo superkargesas e la sistemo krulas. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Segun la texto, esas facile atendar ad multa messaji samtempe, mem se ili esas homogena.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Segun Ornstein, kulturi oriental havas plu granda emfazo pri logikala penso kam intuiciono.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quale tipo de memoro konservas saveso pri eventi experiencati personale?

    <p>Epizodal memoro (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Se la mazolala korpo di paciento es ruptita, quo eventas kande objekto esas en la dextra manuo?

    <p>Ilu povas nomizar l'objekto.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Done un exemplo donita en la texto pri kande esas desfacila atendar ad du stimuli samtempe.

    <p>Atendar ad du vidala o du audala incitanti.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Segun la texto memori relatas a multa niveli di ______.

    <p>konciozeso</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Segun la texto, la legi di simetrio di korpo aplikas su sempre a la cerebro.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Konsiderante Sexo, quo es un exemplo donita en la texto pri quo ni kustumale ne experiencas?

    <p>La pezo di vesti (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quale nomesas la tipo de koncio ligita a la epizodal memoro, segun Tulving?

    <p>Autonoetikal koncio</p> Signup and view all the answers

    La nescioza koncio nomesas anke ______, pro ke ol esas limitizita a la tempe aktual situeso..

    <p>Anoetikal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Omna sensationi esas egale konektita a la sama nivelo di konciozeso.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quon opinionas Ornstein pri la difero di intelekto inter homi?

    <p>Nequal developeso di hemisferi.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Kombinez la tipi de koncio kun sua deskripti:

    <p>Anoetikal koncio = Limitizita a la tempe aktual situeso, posibliganta reaktar a cirkumstanci. Noetikal koncio = Plu simbola, traktas informo mem quan objekti ne esas prezenta. Autonoetikal koncio = Ligita a epizodal memoro, necesa por memorigar experiencati personale.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Unionas la sequanta kulturi kun lia precipua emfazo en la koncio:

    <p>Ocidentala Kulturo = Logikala penso e verbala informo Oriental Kulturo = Intuiciono e kompreno</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qua esas la funcio di la dextra hemisfero di cerebro, segun la texto?

    <p>Nula ek la mencioniti (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Roger Sperry facis inquesti kun personi qui havis unionita sua du hemisferi.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quala sorto de informo veninta de la dextra manuo iras al dextra hemisfero?

    <p>Sensorala informo.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quale opiniono esis centrala tema por psikologio segun Titreneri e Froidi?

    <p>Koncio (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Watson kredis ke koncio devis esar inkluzita en psikologiala studio.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    En qua kontexto konsideras la moderna kognitiva psikologio la koncio?

    <p>Atento</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Segun Mandler, la limitizita kapableso di kurta-tempo memoro, la volumo di imediala memoro, la limitizita kapablesi di evaluativa judiki, e.c. esas konektita a la limitizita volumo di _________ konteno.

    <p>konciita</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quale asertas Shallice pri la rolo di rinovigo di informo e selektiva atenco en memoro?

    <p>Li implikas la partopreno di concioprocigo. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Naisser konsentas ke koncio esas limitizita ad un objekto ye ula tempo.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quale on kredas ke la selektivita di nia atenco vers certa eventi o traiti explikas?

    <p>La limitizita kapableso di la kanalo o nia nekapableso procigar omna sensoriala traiti samtempe.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following teorio kun lua deskripto:

    <p>Titreneri e Froidi = Koncio esas centrala por psikologio Watson = Koncio devus esar ek psikologiala studio Shallice = Koncio selektas dominacanta sistemo di agado Naisser = Objekto di koncio esas neklara</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quale modeli pri brodbenti sugestis, ube ‘strikta loko’ aparas ante la fazo di percepetala analizo?

    <p>Pos la sensorala registro. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Segun la duesma modelo (doiCi e doiCi), nur parto de informo subisas percepetala analizo.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quale nomizas la metodo uzata da Ceri en sua experimenti pri atenteso e somenta signalo?

    <p>Ombrizado</p> Signup and view all the answers

    En experimenti da Ceri, la partoprenanti ofte mustis _________ un message inter du somenta message.

    <p>ombrizar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Kande la partoprenanti audis verbala message en la ignorata kanalo, quo li remarkis?

    <p>Li remarkis ke ol esis verbala message. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ceri trovis ke la partoprenanti memoris note bone la message a quo li donis min atenseso.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quale voyo esis uzata por provizar la du somenta informaji a la partoprenanti en la experimenti da Ceri?

    <p>Per oreleti o akustikala sistemi pozita en diversa anguli di la chambro. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the sekvanta termini a sua deskripti:

    <p>Brodbent-a modelo = La 'strikta loko' esas ante la percepetala analizo. DoiCi e DoiCi-a modelo = Tota informajo subisas percepetala analizo. Ombrizado = Metodo en qua la partoprenanti ripetas voce message senpene. Ceri = Kerkisto pri atenseso e somenta signalo.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    yuradReba

    La capacità di processare informazione attraverso stimoli sensoriali.

    gantarunarianoba

    Funzione cerebrale di aggregazione delle informazioni.

    agznebis done

    Il processo di analisi e trattamento delle informazioni ricevute.

    marTva

    L'integrazione delle informazioni per creare esperienze sensoriali.

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    cnobiereba

    Capacità di correlare diversi stimoli e risposte del corpo.

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    SesaZleblobebis farglebs

    Proprietà delle sensazioni e come variano tra le persone.

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    informaciis moculoba

    Processo di trasmissione delle informazioni attraverso vari sistemi.

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    mimarTva

    L'atto di rispondere a stimoli esterni, influenzando il comportamento.

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    Stimulidan Mekvsen

    Stimulidan Mekvsen describes the action of responding to one stimulus after another.

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    Informaciis GadamuSavebis

    Informaciis GadamuSavebis means the gathering of information to make informed decisions.

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    SaganTa Arqma

    SaganTa Arqma refers to the importance of transmitted information in controlling behavior.

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    Cveni aqtivaciis

    Cveni aqtivaciis relates to the interest-driven activation of responses.

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    Kognituri Fsiqologia

    Kognituri Fsiqologia studies how cognitive processes affect learning and behavior.

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    Stimuli Gamoiyofa

    Stimuli Gamoiyofa describes the process of selecting appropriate stimuli to evoke responses.

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    Proceduruli Meshi

    Proceduruli Meshi refers to procedural memory, which is about performing tasks and skills automatically.

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    Semantika

    Studio di signifi di voci, simboli, o stati.

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    Noetica

    Studi di cognizione e processi mentali.

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    Procedura

    Un metodo stabilito per fare qualcosa.

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    Episodica

    Memoria di eventi specifici e unici.

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    Simbolismo

    Usa simboli per rappresentare idee o concetti.

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    Asimmetria

    Condizione di mancanza di simmetria o equilibrio.

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    Sensoriali

    Informazioni elaborate attraverso i sensi.

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    Generazione di risposte

    Creazione di reazioni o risposte a stimoli.

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    Zlieria

    Zlieria refers to the central focus within psychology dealing with cognition.

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    Fsiqologiis ganmaloba

    Fsiqologiis ganmaloba describes how psychology integrates different informational branches.

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    Garkveuli drois

    Garkveuli drois refers to the processes that influence interactions over time in psychological contexts.

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    YuradRebis seTana

    YuradRebis seTana explains the ability to process contextual information in psychology.

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    Informaciuli midgomis farglebSi

    Informaciuli midgomis farglebSi means different models used for processing information contextually.

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    SaamisaT ,

    SaamisaT refers to the concept of information gathering in a structured way.

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    Gantavis sakuTrivi

    Gantavis sakuTrivi represents how information is categorized to facilitate understanding.

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    Cveni yuradRebis saZleblobebis

    Cveni yuradRebis saZleblobebis highlights the importance of sensory input in forming cognition.

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    marjvena naxevarsferoSi

    Un tipo di interazione con oggetti che implica un impulso verso il comportamento.

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    erTi marjvena naxevarsferoSi

    Interagire con un oggetto in modo specifico o direzionale.

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    meore marjvena naxevarsferoSi

    Interagire con più oggetti o con il mondo in un contesto più ampio.

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    sivrciTi funciebisaTvis

    Tecniche che si occupano del trasferimento della conoscenza attraverso la comunicazione.

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    logikuri azrovneba

    La capacità di ragionare in modo logico e sistematico.

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    intuitivi e insaitze

    Le intuizioni e comprensioni che si formano senza un ragionamento logico immediato.

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    cnobierebis doneebi

    Le idee che emergono dalle esperienze personali e dalle interazioni con il mondo.

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    Informacia Sensimul

    La capacita di registrare informazione tramite sensi.

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    Analizis Etapa

    Etapa di processamento di informazione per comprenderla.

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    Signalebis MagaliTze

    Capacita di processare e trasmettere segnali vari.

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    Mizghneba Selga

    Condizione dove certe informazioni sono ignorate.

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    Ceris Experimentuli

    Metodi sperimentali per analizzare risposte cognitive.

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    Acustikuri Sistemebis

    Sistemi che elaborano e interpretano suoni.

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    Verbaluri Setyobineba

    Capacità di comunicare tramite parole e linguaggio.

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    Study Notes

    Attention

    • Attention is the focusing of mental effort on sensory or mental events.
    • Four main aspects are discussed in attention studies:
      • Selectivity (or attentional selectivity)
      • Alertness (arousal level)
      • Attentional control
      • Awareness
    • Many attention theories originate from the idea that though humans are surrounded by numerous stimuli, their nervous system capacity is limited, making it impossible to receive all of them.
    • Even if reception were possible, the brain wouldn't have the processing capacity to handle all the information.
    • Sensory organs, similar to communication channels, work efficiently if the amount of information to be processed fits within their capabilities.
    • Information exceeding these capabilities leads to channel overload and system failure.
    • A key figure in modern approaches to understanding attention is Donald Broadbent.
    • In his 1958 book "Perception and Communication," he stated that perception is the result of an information-processing system with limited capacity.
    • The external world has significantly more sensory inputs than the perceptual and cognitive systems can handle.
    • Therefore, to manage the incoming information, humans direct attention toward certain parts and filter out the rest.
    • It was long assumed that attention couldn't be divided and could only be directed to one thing at a time.
    • Trying to simultaneously receive multiple messages, especially similar ones, would compromise accuracy.
    • Driving a car and listening to the radio is doable, but focusing on two similar stimuli (e.g., two visual or two auditory stimuli) is difficult.

    Attentional Selectivity

    • By experience, we understand we pay more attention to certain stimuli compared to others, causing those characteristics to receive further processing.
    • Our choices are partly influenced by conscious control and long-term memory.
    • Attention mechanism shifts between stimuli.
    • Some stimuli are selected, while others are filtered out.
    • The "cocktail party effect", where one can concentrate on a single voice while also "hearing" another person's
    • Our attention readily shifts from voices we don't care about to those of nearby persons engaging in interesting conversations.
    • Attention is selective for several reasons:
    • Our information processing capacity is limited by channel capacity.
    • We can somewhat control what we focus on.
    • Perception is related to our activation level, or arousal level, which is influenced by our interests.
    • What we pay attention to is part of our conscious experience.
    • These four core themes form the main subjects of attention research.

    Awareness

    • The study of awareness gained increasing importance in cognitive psychology because of the revival of this field.
    • According to Crowder (1985), developing ideas on short-term memory made studying awareness even more necessary.
    • James likened awareness to a selection committee.
    • Stimuli and events from the surrounding world are known, and cognitive processes like memory and sensations are also understood.
    • Endel Tulving (1985) identified three types of human awareness: anoetic, noetic, and autonoetic (self-awareness).
    • Each awareness type correlates with three memory types: procedural, semantic, and episodic.
      • Procedural memory is linked to knowing how to do something (acquiring, storing, using skills).
      • Semantic memory stores knowledge about the world.
      • Episodic memory stores personally experienced events.
    • Tulving believes that each memory system corresponds to a separate type of awareness (see figure №23).

    Awareness and Hemispheric Specificity

    • In 1869, French physician Broca discovered that body symmetry rules did not apply to the brain.
    • Patients with right-brain damage struggle with speech, whereas right-brain damage does not have a similar effect.
    • Roger Sperry's research revealed new evidence of brain asymmetry.
    • His studies focused on patients with a severed corpus callosum connecting the left and right hemispheres.
    • In one experiment, blindfolded patients were given objects to identify by touch in their right hand.
    • Sensory information from the right hand should be routed to the left hemisphere, responsible for language generation.
    • Even with a severed corpus callosum, patients could still name items held in their right hand.
    • This is not possible with objects in their left hand, as impulses are sent to the right hemisphere, preventing identification.
    • These experiments suggest that individuals might have two types of awareness:
      • One in the left hemisphere, involved in language and information processing
      • One in the right hemisphere, involved in spatial functions
    • Ornstein's perspective is that fundamental intellectual differences between individuals are due to varying hemisphere development and dominance.

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    Description

    Quizo pri la teorioj kaj konceptoj de atento, inkluzive la selektemon, alerton, kontrolon de atento, kaj konscion. Eksploru la eblojn kaj limojn de niaj sensoraj sistemoj en la ricevo de informoj. Ĉu vi scias, kiel funkcias la mensa fokuso en nia ĉiutaga vivo?

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