Attention and Cognitive Processes Quiz

Mechanisms of Attention and Cognitive Processes

• There are different models for attention, such as the Spotlight Model and the Filter Model, which propose mechanisms for enhancing or ignoring specific stimuli.
• Donald Broadbent proposed the Single Filter Model of Attention, which selects important information based on physical characteristics and allows it to continue onto further processing.
• The Dichotomy Listening Paradigm demonstrated that some information in the unattended ear may still be processed, challenging Broadbent's predictions.
• Breakthrough occurs when participants remember important information from the unattended stream, influencing their responses and demonstrating the influence of unattended information.
• Anne Treisman's Dual Filter Model proposes two filters, physical and semantic, which evaluate and consider the relevance and deeper meaning of stimuli.
• The Stroop Task is used to test the limits of the attentional filter, demonstrating that word reading can interfere with the process of identifying the color of the word.
• The Stroop Effect shows that people can gain conscious control over automated processes, strategically blocking out interfering words.
• Visual search tasks involve set size effects, pop out effects, and conjunction search tasks, where context helps to search more efficiently.
• Contextual cueing is used to guide search based on existing information.
• Attentional errors can lead to everyday inconveniences and psychological problems such as attention deficit and anxiety.
• Orienting refers to the way attention moves across a scene, and the Spatial Cueing Paradigm measures eye movements to understand overattending and covert orienting.
• The experiment with staring at a fixed spot and a target being presented in a cued box demonstrates the invisible shift of attention and the speed of eye movements.