Attachment Theory and Styles
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Questions and Answers

What behavior is commonly associated with anxious-resistant attachment in children?

  • Aggression towards peers
  • Exaggerated emotional reactions (correct)
  • Social withdrawal and isolation
  • Bullying behavior

How do children with a disorganized attachment style typically perceive others?

  • As supportive figures
  • As potential threats (correct)
  • As companions to avoid
  • As indifferent bystanders

What key finding did Harlow's first experiment reveal about infant monkeys' attachment?

  • Monkeys favor comfort over nutritional needs (correct)
  • Monkeys exhibit attachment solely based on physiological needs
  • Monkeys prefer the mother who provides better nutrition
  • Monkeys require both mothers to survive psychologically

What outcome was observed in monkeys reared with the wire mesh mother compared to those with the terry cloth mother?

<p>Monkeys with the terry cloth mother displayed better social behaviors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which behavior is least likely associated with anxious-avoidant attachment style in children?

<p>Aggression towards others (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Harlow's second experiment, what was a significant behavioral difference observed between the two groups of monkeys?

<p>Monkeys with the terry cloth mother engaged more in social play (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes children with aggressive and disruptive behaviors within attachment theory?

<p>They show signs of disorganized attachment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor affecting the development of attachment in infants, according to Harlow's findings?

<p>Early childhood experiences (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primarily motivates the bond formed in attachment theory?

<p>Need for safety and protection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which psychologist is known for developing the concept of attachment theory?

<p>John Bowlby (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which attachment style is characterized by positive relationships and resilience in children?

<p>Secure Attachment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome for children who fail to develop a relationship with at least one primary caregiver?

<p>Permanent psychological impairment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who first documented individual differences in attachment patterns?

<p>Mary Ainsworth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'Strange Situation' assess?

<p>Children's attachment styles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Children with an anxious-avoidant attachment style are likely to display which of the following traits?

<p>Withdrawal and resistance to seeking assistance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the biological aim of attachment bonds primarily involve?

<p>Survival (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Attachment Theory

The idea that infants form strong emotional bonds, called attachments, with primary caregivers for survival and security.

Secure Base

A caregiver that provides a safe space for a child to explore their environment, knowing they can return for comfort.

Attachment Figure

The primary caregiver who provides a child with love, care, and protection.

Secure Attachment

A healthy attachment style where children feel safe, confident, and able to explore their world.

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Anxious-Avoidant Attachment

An insecure attachment style where children suppress their need for closeness and avoid seeking support due to past experiences.

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Strange Situation

A research method used to study attachment styles in infants by observing their reactions to separation and reunion with their caregivers.

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Importance of Attachment

Early attachments are crucial for a child's emotional and social development, impacting their later relationships and well-being.

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John Bowlby

The British psychologist who developed Attachment Theory

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Anxious-Resistant Attachment

A child with this attachment style exhibits clinginess, distress when separated from the caregiver, and difficulty being comforted upon reunion.

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Disorganized Attachment

This attachment style is characterized by inconsistent and unpredictable behavior. Children display both seeking and avoiding behavior towards caregivers, showing confusion and fear.

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Harlow's Monkey Experiments

A series of experiments conducted by Harry Harlow in the 1950s, where infant monkeys were separated from their mothers and raised with surrogate 'mothers'. The goal was to understand the nature of attachment and its role in social development.

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What did Harlow's experiment demonstrate?

The experiment showed that infant monkeys preferred the terry cloth surrogate 'mother', even when the wire mother provided the milk, proving that comfort and security are crucial for attachment.

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What is the significance of Harlow's work?

Harlow's experiments were groundbreaking because they demonstrated that attachment is not solely based on physiological needs but also on emotional security and comfort. They highlighted the crucial role of early experiences in shaping emotional development.

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What is a surrogate mother?

In Harlow's experiment, a surrogate mother was an inanimate object that replaced a biological mother. The monkeys were raised by these artificial mothers, either wire mesh or terry cloth covered.

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What are the long-term consequences of disorganized attachment?

Disorganized attachment can lead to various behavioral challenges, including difficulty forming secure relationships, increased aggression, and social isolation. They may struggle to trust others and seek help when needed.

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Study Notes

Attachment Theory

  • Attachment is an emotional bond between a child and caregiver, vital for safety, security, and survival.
  • The biological aim of attachment is survival, the psychological aim is security.
  • Infants use caregivers as a secure base to explore.
  • Attachment relationships are crucial for children's emotional and social development.
  • John Bowlby proposed attachment theory, assuming infant survival depends on proximity to adults who protect, feed, and comfort.

Attachment Styles

  • Secure Attachment: Children who see others as supportive, view themselves as competent, displaying resilience, and engaging in complex play.
  • Anxious-Avoidant Attachment: Children who are less effective at managing stressful situations, withdrawing and resisting help, displaying antisocial behaviors like lying and bullying.
  • Anxious-Resistant Attachment: Children who lack confidence, sticking close to caregivers, and displaying exaggerated emotional reactions, keeping distance from peers.
  • Disorganized Attachment: Children who lack an organized strategy for coping with separation distress, displaying aggression, disruptive behaviors, and social isolation.

Harlow Experiments

  • Harry Harlow conducted experiments on love and relationships between parents and children (specifically monkeys).
  • His findings showed that motherly love is emotional, not physiological, and the capacity for attachment heavily relies on early experiences.
  • A study separating infant monkeys and providing them with surrogate mothers (wire mesh vs. terry cloth) revealed that comfort (provided by the cloth surrogate) was more important than just feeding (from the wire surrogate).

Characteristics of Attachment

  • Safe Haven: Seeking comfort from caregivers when threatened.
  • Secure Base: Trusting caregivers to support exploration.
  • Proximity Maintenance: Staying close to caregivers for safety.
  • Separation Distress: Feelings of upset and distress during separation.

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Description

This quiz explores the fundamentals of attachment theory as proposed by John Bowlby, analyzing the importance of emotional bonds between children and caregivers. Delve into the various attachment styles and their impact on children's emotional and social development. Test your understanding of secure, anxious-avoidant, and anxious-resistant attachments.

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