Attachment Styles and Self-Perception

One of the four attachment styles characterized by the preoccupation with relationships, where intimacy is both desired and feared. It is fostered by inconsistent treatment from a caregiver.

The generalized other represents one's perception of the rules, roles, and attitudes endorsed by their group or community.

<p>A life script is a guide to action based on rules for living and identity. It is initially communicated within families, defining our roles, how we play them, and the basic elements of our life's plot.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Self-disclosure is the revelation of personal information that others are unlikely to discover through other means. Reflected appraisal is the image and estimate of ourselves that others communicate to us.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The theory suggests that people find uncertainty uncomfortable and are motivated to reduce it through communication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eros = Passionate, intense, and erotic. Ludus = Playful and sometimes manipulative. Storge = Based on friendship, even-keeled. Mania = Obsessive, often reflecting personal insecurity. Pragma = Practical considerations and criteria for attachment. Agape = Selfless, focused on the other's happiness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Commitment/Intimacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Relationship culture is a private world of rules, understandings, and patterns of acting and interpreting behavior that partners create to give meaning to their relationship. It forms the nucleus of intimacy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The matching hypothesis predicts that people will seek relationships with others who closely match their values, attitudes, social background, and physical attractiveness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Investments, which are things put into a relationship that cannot be recovered if it ends, can make a relationship more enduring than love alone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Power over is the ability to help or harm others, often communicated in ways that emphasize the status and influence of the person exerting power. Power to is the ability to empower others to reach their goals, generally characterized by a focus on helping others and without highlighting one's own status.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conforming to the group's dominant opinion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>policy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rites are dramatic events that bring together aspects of an organization's cultural ideology. Rituals are regularly occurring communication patterns that members perceive as routine and reinforce specific values or roles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A desire to build camaraderie and team spirit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Communication apprehension is anxiety associated with real or anticipated communication encounters. It can be reduced through techniques like cognitive restructuring, positive visualization, and skills training.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Examples</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Initial credibility is based on a speaker's established titles, positions, experiences, or achievements known to listeners before the presentation. Derived credibility refers to the expertise and trustworthiness listeners attribute to a speaker based on their communication during the presentation itself.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An oral footnote is a phrase or sentence in a speech that acknowledges the source of evidence and sometimes explains the source's qualifications. It adds credibility to the speaker by showing respect for others' work and demonstrating thoroughness in supporting claims.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Manuscript delivery</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The three types of speeches are speeches to inform, speeches to persuade, and speeches to entertain. Speeches to inform aim to increase listeners' knowledge or understanding, speeches to persuade seek to change attitudes, beliefs, or behaviors, and speeches to entertain aim to amuse and engage listeners.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Preoccupation with relationships, wanting intimacy but also fearing it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The pattern of interaction between a child and their primary caregiver, shaping the child's understanding of self and others, and influencing how they approach relationships.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Avoidant</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Direct definition explicitly labels individuals and reacts to their behaviors, shaping their understanding of who they are.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dismissive</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A downer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is characterized by a perception of oneself as unworthy of love.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The generalized other represents our perception of the norms, roles, and attitudes that our group or community endorses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A life script is a guide for behavior based on rules for living and identity, shaped by our early experiences and relationships.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Particular others are significant individuals who have a strong influence on our values, perspectives, and esteem.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reflected appraisal is the feedback we receive from others about ourselves, shaping our understanding of our qualities and abilities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Secure attachment is characterized by viewing oneself and others as worthy of love and being comfortable in both intimacy and independence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The self is a multidimensional process involving the formation of social perspectives and their application in interactions with both others and ourselves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Self-disclosure is the act of revealing personal information about ourselves that others are unlikely to discover through other means.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A self-fulfilling prophecy occurs when our own beliefs or expectations about ourselves or others lead us to behave in ways that confirm those beliefs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Self-sabotage involves negative self-talk that undermines our belief in ourselves and our ability to succeed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social comparison is the act of comparing ourselves to others to assess our talents, abilities, and qualities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The uncertainty reduction theory states that people are motivated to reduce uncertainty because it makes them feel uncomfortable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An upper is an individual who communicates positive messages about our worth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A vulture is someone who attacks others' or their own self-esteem.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Agape is a selfless and selfless form of love, focused on the other person's happiness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The autonomy/connection dialectic represents the tension between the need for personal independence and the desire for intimacy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Commitment is the decision to stay in a relationship and is a key factor in relationship longevity, often more influential than love alone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The dyadic process stage involves partners openly discussing problems and possible futures for their relationship.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Equity theory states that individuals are happier and more satisfied in relationships where they perceive the benefits and costs as being about equal for both partners.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eros love is passionate, intense, and erotic, often driven by strong physical and emotional attraction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Partners individually assign meaning to the relationship and put it to rest, moving on from the relationship.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intrapsychic processes involve partners reflecting on their dissatisfaction and issues within the relationship.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Investment refers to resources put into a relationship that cannot be easily recovered if the relationship ends.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ludus love is playful and non-serious, often involving games and a lack of commitment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mania love is an obsessive and often possessive style, characterized by intense passion and emotional volatility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The matching hypothesis suggests that people tend to seek relationships with others who share similar characteristics, such as values, attitudes, social background, and physical attractiveness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neutralization involves balancing or finding a compromise between the opposing needs within a dialectic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The novelty/predictability dialectic represents the tension between the desire for new experiences and the desire for routines and familiarity in a relationship.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The openness/closedness dialectic addresses the tension between the need for personal privacy and the desire to share intimate thoughts and feelings with our partner.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Passion refers to intensely positive feelings and desires for another person, while commitment is the decision to remain in a relationship.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Personal relationships are unique, irreplaceable, and governed by specific rules and understandings, while social relationships are more replaceable and follow general social norms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Psychological responsibility involves the mental burden of remembering, planning, and coordinating domestic work and childcare.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reframing involves transcending the apparent contradiction between two dialectical poles and reinterpreting them as not in tension.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Relationship culture is the private world of shared rules, understandings, and patterns of behavior that partners develop to give meaning to their relationship.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Relationship dialectics are the tensions between opposing forces or tendencies that are inherent in all relationships.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Resurrection processes involve individuals redefining themselves and their futures without the former partner, moving on from the relationship.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rules are patterned ways of behaving and interpreting behavior that emerge in all relationships.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Segmentation involves satisfying one dialectical need while ignoring or not satisfying the contradictory need.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Separation involves assigning one pole of a dialectic to specific spheres of activities or topics and the contradictory pole to distinct spheres.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social relationships are replaceable, guided by broad social scripts and rules, and involve conventional roles, while personal relationships are irreplaceable, unique, and involve deeper levels of intimacy and commitment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social support processes involve partners seeking emotional support and practical assistance from others during the breakdown of their romantic relationship.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Storage love is grounded in friendship, characterized by stability, calmness, and a deep friendship bond.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A turning point is a significant event or experience that alters the level of intimacy or closeness in a relationship.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Brainstorming is a group technique for generating potential solutions to a problem by encouraging a free flow of ideas without immediate criticism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Climate communication focuses on creating and sustaining an open and engaged atmosphere for group discussion, fostering a positive and productive environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Group cohesion refers to the closeness, feeling of unity, or esprit de corps among members of a group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Constructive conflict involves respect for diverse opinion, emphasis on shared interests and goals, and a win-win orientation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Disruptive conflict is characterized by competitive communication, self-centeredness, and a win-lose orientation, often leading to tension, hostility, and a breakdown in communication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Egocentric communication is an unconstructive form of group contribution that blocks others or seeks attention for oneself, often hindering group progress and creating a negative dynamic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A group involves more than two people who interact over time, are interdependent, and follow shared rules of conduct to achieve a common goal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Groupthink is the absence of critical and independent thinking among group members, where the desire for conformity and consensus overrides rational decision-making and critical evaluation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Effective leadership involves behaviors that maintain a good group climate and enable the group to accomplish tasks in an organized way.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A norm is an informal rule that guides how members of a group or culture think, feel, and act, defining what is considered normal or appropriate in various situations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Power is the ability to influence others, a feature of small groups that affects participation and dynamics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Power over involves the ability to help or harm others, often communicated in ways that highlight the influence and status of the person wielding power, while power to empowers others to reach their goals and does not emphasize the power-holder's influence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Procedural communication focuses on organizing ideas, coordinating contributions, and maintaining structure in group discussions, ensuring a smooth flow of ideas and a clear focus on the task at hand.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A quality improvement team consists of individuals from different departments or areas of an organization who collaborate to solve problems, meet needs, and improve the quality of work life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social climbing is the attempt to increase personal status within a group by seeking approval from high-status members, sometimes at the expense of others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Synergy is a special kind of collaborative vitality that enhances the individual energies, talents, and strengths of group members, creating a powerful and productive dynamic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Task communication focuses on giving and analyzing information and ideas, ensuring that the group is effectively addressing the task at hand and making informed decisions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A team is a special kind of group characterized by different and complementary resources of members and a strong sense of collective identity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A communication network refers to the links among members of an organization, including both formal (e.g., organizational charts) and informal (e.g., friendship groups).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Organizational culture represents the shared understandings, beliefs, and values that define an organization's identity and shape how members think and act.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A policy is a formal statement of practice that upholds and reflects an organization's culture, providing a framework for governing behavior and decision-making.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A rite is a planned event or ceremony that dramatizes and embodies the values and ideology of an organization, often involving symbolic gestures and rituals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A role is defined by the responsibilities and behaviors expected of a person based on their position in an organization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Structure refers to the organized relationships and interactions between members of an organization, including roles, rules, policies, and communication networks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Workplace bullying is the repeated use of hostile behaviors by individuals with greater power against those with lesser power, creating a toxic and harmful work environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cognitive restructuring involves teaching individuals to revise their negative thoughts and beliefs about speaking situations, replacing them with more positive and realistic perspectives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Communication apprehension refers to the anxiety associated with real or anticipated communication encounters, a common experience that can be both constructive and problematic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Comparison, or analogy, is a form of evidence that associates two things that are similar or different in some important ways.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Credibility is the ability of a person to inspire belief in what they say or do, a crucial factor in influencing audiences and persuading them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Derived credibility is the expertise and trustworthiness attributed to a speaker by listeners based on how the speaker communicates during a presentation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Evidence is material used to interest, move, inform, or persuade listeners, including statistics, examples, comparisons, and quotations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The four main types of examples are undetailed (brief mentions), detailed (thorough descriptions), hypothetical (imagined scenarios), and anecdotal (personal stories).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Extemporaneous delivery involves preparation and practice but not memorization, allowing for a natural and engaging presentation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The halo effect occurs when listeners attribute expertise to a speaker in areas unrelated to their actual expertise, often based on their reputation or prominence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Impromptu delivery involves little preparation and relies on speakers thinking on their feet, suitable for informal occasions or when responding to unexpected requests.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Initial credibility is based on the speaker's titles, positions, experiences, or achievements that are already known to listeners, establishing a foundation of expertise and trustworthiness before the presentation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Manuscript delivery involves speaking from a complete manuscript of a speech, offering a precise and controlled presentation but potentially hindering naturalness and audience connection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Memorized delivery involves delivering a speech word for word from memory, offering a polished and prepared presentation but potentially sacrificing spontaneity and naturalness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An oral footnote is a phrase or sentence in a speech that acknowledges the source of evidence and sometimes explains the source's qualifications, enhancing the credibility and reliability of the information presented.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oral style encompasses the visual, vocal, and verbal aspects of delivering a public speech or other communication, contributing to its effectiveness and engagement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Positive visualization is a technique for reducing speaking anxiety that involves mentally picturing oneself communicating effectively in progressively challenging speaking situations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A quotation is a form of evidence that uses exact citations of others' statements, also known as testimony, and should be accurate, relevant, and from credible sources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Skills training assumes that anxiety arises from a lack of speaking skills, so it involves learning various speaking techniques and skills to boost confidence and reduce apprehension.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The specific purpose is what a speaker aims to accomplish by presenting a speech, often referred to as behavioral objectives and clearly defining the intended outcome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A speech to entertain aims to amuse, interest, and engage listeners, offering entertainment and lightheartedness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A speech to inform aims to increase listeners' understanding, awareness, or knowledge of a specific topic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A speech to persuade aims to change listeners' attitudes, beliefs, behaviors, or to motivate them to take action.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Statistics are a form of evidence that uses numbers to summarize data and demonstrate relationships, offering a powerful way to back up claims and provide a sense of objectivity, but they can be misinterpreted or misused.</p> Signup and view all the answers