30 Questions
What molecule stores a high-energy phosphate to produce ATP for muscle contractions?
Phosphocreatine
Why might the presence of myocardial creatine kinase in the blood plasma suggest a heart attack?
It signifies the release of an enzyme from damaged heart muscle tissue.
How long does the combination of free ATP and phosphocreatine provide energy for intense exercise?
~15 seconds
Which exercise regimen can increase the amount of phosphocreatine stored in muscles?
High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT)
What is required for the aerobic pathway that produces ATP during exercise?
Oxygen
Which of the following is not a source of glucose during exercise?
ATPase enzyme
Why does oxygen deficit develop at the onset of exercise?
Oxygen consumption is insufficient to meet the energy demands of the working muscle
What is one of the primary reasons for excess oxygen consumption post-exercise?
To metabolize lactate
What stimulates exercise-induced hyperventilation or hyperpnea?
Feedback from mechanoreceptors in muscles
What role do carotid and aortic chemoreceptors play during exercise?
Detect changes in plasma CO2, pH, and O2 levels
Which source provides ATP at the start of exercise?
Phosphocreatine breakdown
What leads to the increase in breathing rate and depth during exercise?
Decrease in blood gases levels (PCO2 and PO2)
What happens to ventilation rate as soon as exercise begins?
It increases
What is the effect of mild to moderate exercise on arterial blood gases?
Arterial pH remains stable
Why does arterial PCO2 decrease slightly during high-intensity exercise?
Due to hyperventilation
What contributes to keeping arterial pH relatively stable during high-intensity exercise?
Hyperventilation and buffering of H+ by plasma proteins and bicarbonate
Why does venous PCO2 increase during exercise?
Increased CO2 production by metabolically active muscle cells
What initiates the cardiovascular responses at the start of exercise?
Signals from proprioceptors and stretch receptors in joints and muscles
What happens to the baroreceptor reflex during exercise?
It is inhibited
How does the inhibition of baroreceptor reflexes occur?
By presynaptic inhibition of the baroreceptor sensory pathway
What signals the CNS to suppress the baroreceptor reflex during exercise?
High CO2 concentration in muscle tissues
What percentage of energy produced by contracting muscles is converted into heat?
75-80%
What physiological response occurs when body temperature increases during exercise?
Activation of sweat glands and skin vasodilation
What is the primary purpose of promoting heat loss through sweat glands and vasodilation during exercise?
To regulate body temperature
How does exercise impact plasma triglyceride levels and LDL-C cholesterol levels?
Decreases them
Which of the following does moderate exercise impact positively?
Improved immune function
What effect does strenuous exercise have on immune function?
Suppresses it
Which neurotransmitter is released in the brain as a result of exercise?
Serotonin
How soon can results in improved blood glucose levels be seen after beginning an exercise regimen?
1 week
What effect does exercise have on the levels of healthy HDL-C cholesterol?
Increases them
Learn about the limited supply of free ATP in muscle cells and how phosphocreatine contributes to the production of ATP for muscle contractions. Understand the role of creatine kinase in mediating the reaction. Explore the significance of myocardial creatine kinase in diagnosing myocardial infarction.
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