ATP and Phosphocreatine in Muscle Cells
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Questions and Answers

What molecule stores a high-energy phosphate to produce ATP for muscle contractions?

  • Phosphocreatine (correct)
  • Glycogenin
  • Phosphodiesterase
  • ATPase
  • Why might the presence of myocardial creatine kinase in the blood plasma suggest a heart attack?

  • It suggests a depletion of phosphocreatine.
  • It indicates damage to liver cells.
  • It is a normal occurrence during intense exercise.
  • It signifies the release of an enzyme from damaged heart muscle tissue. (correct)
  • How long does the combination of free ATP and phosphocreatine provide energy for intense exercise?

  • ~1 minute
  • ~15 seconds (correct)
  • ~30 seconds
  • ~5 minutes
  • Which exercise regimen can increase the amount of phosphocreatine stored in muscles?

    <p>High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for the aerobic pathway that produces ATP during exercise?

    <p>Oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a source of glucose during exercise?

    <p>ATPase enzyme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does oxygen deficit develop at the onset of exercise?

    <p>Oxygen consumption is insufficient to meet the energy demands of the working muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary reasons for excess oxygen consumption post-exercise?

    <p>To metabolize lactate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stimulates exercise-induced hyperventilation or hyperpnea?

    <p>Feedback from mechanoreceptors in muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do carotid and aortic chemoreceptors play during exercise?

    <p>Detect changes in plasma CO2, pH, and O2 levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which source provides ATP at the start of exercise?

    <p>Phosphocreatine breakdown</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What leads to the increase in breathing rate and depth during exercise?

    <p>Decrease in blood gases levels (PCO2 and PO2)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to ventilation rate as soon as exercise begins?

    <p>It increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of mild to moderate exercise on arterial blood gases?

    <p>Arterial pH remains stable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does arterial PCO2 decrease slightly during high-intensity exercise?

    <p>Due to hyperventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to keeping arterial pH relatively stable during high-intensity exercise?

    <p>Hyperventilation and buffering of H+ by plasma proteins and bicarbonate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does venous PCO2 increase during exercise?

    <p>Increased CO2 production by metabolically active muscle cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initiates the cardiovascular responses at the start of exercise?

    <p>Signals from proprioceptors and stretch receptors in joints and muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the baroreceptor reflex during exercise?

    <p>It is inhibited</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the inhibition of baroreceptor reflexes occur?

    <p>By presynaptic inhibition of the baroreceptor sensory pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What signals the CNS to suppress the baroreceptor reflex during exercise?

    <p>High CO2 concentration in muscle tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of energy produced by contracting muscles is converted into heat?

    <p>75-80%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physiological response occurs when body temperature increases during exercise?

    <p>Activation of sweat glands and skin vasodilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of promoting heat loss through sweat glands and vasodilation during exercise?

    <p>To regulate body temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does exercise impact plasma triglyceride levels and LDL-C cholesterol levels?

    <p>Decreases them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following does moderate exercise impact positively?

    <p>Improved immune function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does strenuous exercise have on immune function?

    <p>Suppresses it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is released in the brain as a result of exercise?

    <p>Serotonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How soon can results in improved blood glucose levels be seen after beginning an exercise regimen?

    <p>1 week</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does exercise have on the levels of healthy HDL-C cholesterol?

    <p>Increases them</p> Signup and view all the answers

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