ATP and Phosphocreatine in Muscle Cells

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Questions and Answers

What molecule stores a high-energy phosphate to produce ATP for muscle contractions?

  • Phosphocreatine (correct)
  • Glycogenin
  • Phosphodiesterase
  • ATPase

Why might the presence of myocardial creatine kinase in the blood plasma suggest a heart attack?

  • It suggests a depletion of phosphocreatine.
  • It indicates damage to liver cells.
  • It is a normal occurrence during intense exercise.
  • It signifies the release of an enzyme from damaged heart muscle tissue. (correct)

How long does the combination of free ATP and phosphocreatine provide energy for intense exercise?

  • ~1 minute
  • ~15 seconds (correct)
  • ~30 seconds
  • ~5 minutes

Which exercise regimen can increase the amount of phosphocreatine stored in muscles?

<p>High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is required for the aerobic pathway that produces ATP during exercise?

<p>Oxygen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a source of glucose during exercise?

<p>ATPase enzyme (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does oxygen deficit develop at the onset of exercise?

<p>Oxygen consumption is insufficient to meet the energy demands of the working muscle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary reasons for excess oxygen consumption post-exercise?

<p>To metabolize lactate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What stimulates exercise-induced hyperventilation or hyperpnea?

<p>Feedback from mechanoreceptors in muscles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do carotid and aortic chemoreceptors play during exercise?

<p>Detect changes in plasma CO2, pH, and O2 levels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which source provides ATP at the start of exercise?

<p>Phosphocreatine breakdown (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What leads to the increase in breathing rate and depth during exercise?

<p>Decrease in blood gases levels (PCO2 and PO2) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to ventilation rate as soon as exercise begins?

<p>It increases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of mild to moderate exercise on arterial blood gases?

<p>Arterial pH remains stable (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does arterial PCO2 decrease slightly during high-intensity exercise?

<p>Due to hyperventilation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to keeping arterial pH relatively stable during high-intensity exercise?

<p>Hyperventilation and buffering of H+ by plasma proteins and bicarbonate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does venous PCO2 increase during exercise?

<p>Increased CO2 production by metabolically active muscle cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What initiates the cardiovascular responses at the start of exercise?

<p>Signals from proprioceptors and stretch receptors in joints and muscles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the baroreceptor reflex during exercise?

<p>It is inhibited (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the inhibition of baroreceptor reflexes occur?

<p>By presynaptic inhibition of the baroreceptor sensory pathway (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What signals the CNS to suppress the baroreceptor reflex during exercise?

<p>High CO2 concentration in muscle tissues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of energy produced by contracting muscles is converted into heat?

<p>75-80% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What physiological response occurs when body temperature increases during exercise?

<p>Activation of sweat glands and skin vasodilation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of promoting heat loss through sweat glands and vasodilation during exercise?

<p>To regulate body temperature (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does exercise impact plasma triglyceride levels and LDL-C cholesterol levels?

<p>Decreases them (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does moderate exercise impact positively?

<p>Improved immune function (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does strenuous exercise have on immune function?

<p>Suppresses it (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter is released in the brain as a result of exercise?

<p>Serotonin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How soon can results in improved blood glucose levels be seen after beginning an exercise regimen?

<p>1 week (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does exercise have on the levels of healthy HDL-C cholesterol?

<p>Increases them (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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