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Questions and Answers
Which atomic model introduced the idea of electrons orbiting in defined paths around the nucleus?
Which atomic model introduced the idea of electrons orbiting in defined paths around the nucleus?
- Quantum model
- Plum pudding model
- Planetary model (correct)
- Billiard ball model
Who is credited with the discovery of the neutron?
Who is credited with the discovery of the neutron?
- Erwin Schrodinger
- Chadwick (correct)
- Robert Millikan
- J.J. Thomson
Which experiment led to the discovery of the nucleus?
Which experiment led to the discovery of the nucleus?
- Cathode ray tube experiment
- Oil drop experiment
- Gold foil experiment (correct)
- Billiard ball experiment
What charge does a cation possess?
What charge does a cation possess?
Which atomic component was quantified by Robert Millikan?
Which atomic component was quantified by Robert Millikan?
What defines an anion?
What defines an anion?
Which atomic model describes electrons as being part of a 'cloud' rather than in fixed orbits?
Which atomic model describes electrons as being part of a 'cloud' rather than in fixed orbits?
What did Dalton's atomic theory primarily emphasize?
What did Dalton's atomic theory primarily emphasize?
Flashcards
Planetary Model
Planetary Model
This model depicts electrons orbiting the nucleus in specific, defined paths, much like planets orbiting the sun.
Who discovered the neutron?
Who discovered the neutron?
James Chadwick discovered the neutron, a subatomic particle with no charge.
Gold Foil Experiment
Gold Foil Experiment
The Gold Foil Experiment, conducted by Ernest Rutherford, led to the discovery of the nucleus, the dense, positively charged center of an atom.
What is a cation?
What is a cation?
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Who quantified the electron's charge?
Who quantified the electron's charge?
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What defines an anion?
What defines an anion?
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Quantum Model
Quantum Model
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Dalton's Atomic Theory
Dalton's Atomic Theory
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Study Notes
Atomic Theory
- The fundamental concept that all matter is composed of tiny, indivisible particles called atoms.
- The smallest unit of matter.
Inventions
- Dalton (1803): Proposed the first atomic theory. Atoms were envisioned as solid, indivisible spheres, similar to billiard balls. No charge was assigned to these atoms.
- J.J. Thomson (1904): The plum pudding model suggested that atoms consist of a positively charged sphere with negatively charged electrons embedded within it.
- Rutherford (1911): The nucleus model posited that the atom has a central, positively charged nucleus surrounded by negatively charged electrons.
Key Particles
- Proton: Positively charged particle found within the nucleus.
- Neutron: A neutral particle (no charge) also located in the nucleus. Similar in mass to a proton.
- Electron: Negatively charged particle that occupies space around the nucleus.
Other Important Concepts
- Ion: An atom that has gained or lost electrons, resulting in a net electrical charge.
- Cation: A positively charged ion (lost electrons).
- Anion: A negatively charged ion (gained electrons).
- Isotope: Atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
- Robert Millikan: Measured the charge and mass of an electron through his oil drop experiment.
- Goldstein: Associated with the discovery of the proton (though it was later officially attributed to Rutherford).
- Chadwick: Discovered the neutron.
- Niels Bohr: Proposed the planetary model where electrons move in specific orbits around the nucleus.
- Erwin Schrodinger: Developed the quantum theory, which led to the orbital model where electrons reside in probability clouds, or orbitals.
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