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Questions and Answers
Which atomic model introduced the idea of electrons orbiting in defined paths around the nucleus?
Which atomic model introduced the idea of electrons orbiting in defined paths around the nucleus?
Who is credited with the discovery of the neutron?
Who is credited with the discovery of the neutron?
Which experiment led to the discovery of the nucleus?
Which experiment led to the discovery of the nucleus?
What charge does a cation possess?
What charge does a cation possess?
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Which atomic component was quantified by Robert Millikan?
Which atomic component was quantified by Robert Millikan?
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What defines an anion?
What defines an anion?
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Which atomic model describes electrons as being part of a 'cloud' rather than in fixed orbits?
Which atomic model describes electrons as being part of a 'cloud' rather than in fixed orbits?
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What did Dalton's atomic theory primarily emphasize?
What did Dalton's atomic theory primarily emphasize?
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Study Notes
Atomic Theory
- The fundamental concept that all matter is composed of tiny, indivisible particles called atoms.
- The smallest unit of matter.
Inventions
- Dalton (1803): Proposed the first atomic theory. Atoms were envisioned as solid, indivisible spheres, similar to billiard balls. No charge was assigned to these atoms.
- J.J. Thomson (1904): The plum pudding model suggested that atoms consist of a positively charged sphere with negatively charged electrons embedded within it.
- Rutherford (1911): The nucleus model posited that the atom has a central, positively charged nucleus surrounded by negatively charged electrons.
Key Particles
- Proton: Positively charged particle found within the nucleus.
- Neutron: A neutral particle (no charge) also located in the nucleus. Similar in mass to a proton.
- Electron: Negatively charged particle that occupies space around the nucleus.
Other Important Concepts
- Ion: An atom that has gained or lost electrons, resulting in a net electrical charge.
- Cation: A positively charged ion (lost electrons).
- Anion: A negatively charged ion (gained electrons).
- Isotope: Atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
- Robert Millikan: Measured the charge and mass of an electron through his oil drop experiment.
- Goldstein: Associated with the discovery of the proton (though it was later officially attributed to Rutherford).
- Chadwick: Discovered the neutron.
- Niels Bohr: Proposed the planetary model where electrons move in specific orbits around the nucleus.
- Erwin Schrodinger: Developed the quantum theory, which led to the orbital model where electrons reside in probability clouds, or orbitals.
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Description
Explore the fundamental concepts of atomic theory and the key particles that constitute matter. This quiz focuses on the evolution of atomic models from Dalton to Rutherford and the significance of protons, neutrons, and electrons in understanding matter. Test your knowledge of atomic structure and its historical development!
