Atomic and Molecular Models - Lesson 1

109.5°

They depict atoms as spheres scaled to their atomic radii, showing how atoms pack together.

Solid, Liquid, Gas, Plasma

<p>Adding energy weakens particle bonds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Removing energy causes particles to slow and clump into a liquid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Observation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Observations lead to the formulation of hypotheses based on identified phenomena.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It involves gaining energy to strip electrons from gas particles, forming plasma.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Atoms are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The steps typically include observation, hypothesis formulation, experimentation, and conclusion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Solids have a fixed shape and volume, liquids have a fixed volume but take the shape of their container, and gases have neither fixed shape nor volume.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dalton's Atomic Theory states that elements are made of indivisible atoms, atoms are identical for the same element, and they combine in whole-number ratios to form compounds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dalton's theory could not explain the existence of subatomic particles or isotopes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thomson's Plum Pudding Model depicts the atom as a positively charged sphere with negative electrons scattered throughout.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dalton proposed that chemical reactions involve the rearrangement of atoms, which are neither created nor destroyed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It was the first scientific effort to describe the nature of atoms based on experimental evidence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Formulating a hypothesis provides a tentative explanation that guides experimental design and testing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Changing only one variable ensures that any observed effects can be directly attributed to that specific change.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Data such as concentration, temperature, time of reaction, and observable changes like color should be recorded.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Most alpha particles passed through the foil, indicating atoms are mostly empty space, with some particles being deflected due to a dense, positively charged nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Statistical tools help analyze data for consistency and reliability, revealing trends and patterns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rutherford's model could not explain why negatively charged electrons do not collapse into the positively charged nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A hypothesis can be developed into a theory if it is repeatedly validated through extensive experimental results.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Accurate measurements ensure reproducibility and precision, which are critical for reliable experimental outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bohr proposed that electrons orbit the nucleus in fixed energy levels or shells without radiating energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Atomic and molecular models help explain the structure of matter and the interactions between different chemicals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bohr's model features fixed orbits for electrons, while the quantum mechanical model uses probability distributions to describe electron locations in orbitals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unit conversions are often necessary to ensure that measurements are in compatible units, which affects calculation accuracy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Uncertainty Principle asserts that it is impossible to simultaneously know both the exact position and momentum of an electron.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ball-and-stick models depict atoms as spheres (balls) and the bonds between them as sticks, illustrating molecular geometry and bond angles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Schrödinger's wave equation provides a mathematical framework for predicting the behavior of electrons in the quantum mechanical model.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Electrons can move between fixed energy levels by absorbing or emitting energy in the form of light.</p> Signup and view all the answers