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Questions and Answers
What is the central part of an atom that contains protons and neutrons?
What is the central part of an atom that contains protons and neutrons?
What determines the element of an atom?
What determines the element of an atom?
What is the charge of a neutron?
What is the charge of a neutron?
What is the purpose of electron shells?
What is the purpose of electron shells?
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What is an isotope?
What is an isotope?
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What is the atomic number of an element?
What is the atomic number of an element?
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Study Notes
Atomic Structure
Atomic Model
- The atomic model is a theoretical representation of the structure of an atom
- The most widely accepted model is the Rutherford-Bohr model
Subatomic Particles
-
Protons:
- Positively charged particles
- Located in the nucleus (center) of the atom
- Mass: approximately 1 atomic mass unit (amu)
-
Neutrons:
- Neutral particles
- Located in the nucleus along with protons
- Mass: approximately 1 amu
-
Electrons:
- Negatively charged particles
- Orbit around the nucleus in energy levels (shells)
- Mass: approximately 1/1840 amu
Nucleus
- The central part of the atom, containing protons and neutrons
- The nucleus is responsible for the atom's mass and positive charge
- The number of protons in the nucleus determines the element
Electron Shells
- Energy levels around the nucleus where electrons orbit
- Shells are divided into subshells (s, p, d, f)
- Each shell has a specific capacity for electrons
- Electrons in the outermost shell (valence shell) participate in chemical bonding
Atomic Number and Mass Number
- Atomic Number (Z): The number of protons in the nucleus, unique to each element
- Mass Number (A): The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
Isotopes and Ions
- Isotopes: Atoms of the same element with different mass numbers (different number of neutrons)
- Ions: Atoms that have gained or lost electrons, resulting in a net charge
Atomic Model
- Theoretical representation of an atom's structure
- Rutherford-Bohr model is the most widely accepted model
Subatomic Particles
-
Protons:
- Carry a positive charge
- Located in the nucleus
- Have a mass of approximately 1 atomic mass unit (amu)
-
Neutrons:
- Have no charge (neutral)
- Located in the nucleus
- Have a mass of approximately 1 amu
-
Electrons:
- Carry a negative charge
- Orbit around the nucleus in energy levels (shells)
- Have a mass of approximately 1/1840 amu
Nucleus
- Central part of the atom containing protons and neutrons
- Responsible for the atom's mass and positive charge
- Number of protons determines the element
Electron Shells
- Energy levels around the nucleus where electrons orbit
- Divided into subshells (s, p, d, f)
- Each shell has a specific capacity for electrons
- Outermost shell (valence shell) electrons participate in chemical bonding
Atomic Number and Mass Number
- Atomic Number (Z): The number of protons in the nucleus, unique to each element
- Mass Number (A): The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
Isotopes and Ions
- Isotopes: Atoms of the same element with different mass numbers (different number of neutrons)
- Ions: Atoms that have gained or lost electrons, resulting in a net charge
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Description
This quiz covers the basics of atomic structure, including the atomic model and subatomic particles such as protons, neutrons, and electrons.
