Questions and Answers
What is the central part of an atom that contains protons and neutrons?
What determines the element of an atom?
What is the charge of a neutron?
What is the purpose of electron shells?
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What is an isotope?
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What is the atomic number of an element?
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Study Notes
Atomic Structure
Atomic Model
- The atomic model is a theoretical representation of the structure of an atom
- The most widely accepted model is the Rutherford-Bohr model
Subatomic Particles
-
Protons:
- Positively charged particles
- Located in the nucleus (center) of the atom
- Mass: approximately 1 atomic mass unit (amu)
-
Neutrons:
- Neutral particles
- Located in the nucleus along with protons
- Mass: approximately 1 amu
-
Electrons:
- Negatively charged particles
- Orbit around the nucleus in energy levels (shells)
- Mass: approximately 1/1840 amu
Nucleus
- The central part of the atom, containing protons and neutrons
- The nucleus is responsible for the atom's mass and positive charge
- The number of protons in the nucleus determines the element
Electron Shells
- Energy levels around the nucleus where electrons orbit
- Shells are divided into subshells (s, p, d, f)
- Each shell has a specific capacity for electrons
- Electrons in the outermost shell (valence shell) participate in chemical bonding
Atomic Number and Mass Number
- Atomic Number (Z): The number of protons in the nucleus, unique to each element
- Mass Number (A): The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
Isotopes and Ions
- Isotopes: Atoms of the same element with different mass numbers (different number of neutrons)
- Ions: Atoms that have gained or lost electrons, resulting in a net charge
Atomic Model
- Theoretical representation of an atom's structure
- Rutherford-Bohr model is the most widely accepted model
Subatomic Particles
-
Protons:
- Carry a positive charge
- Located in the nucleus
- Have a mass of approximately 1 atomic mass unit (amu)
-
Neutrons:
- Have no charge (neutral)
- Located in the nucleus
- Have a mass of approximately 1 amu
-
Electrons:
- Carry a negative charge
- Orbit around the nucleus in energy levels (shells)
- Have a mass of approximately 1/1840 amu
Nucleus
- Central part of the atom containing protons and neutrons
- Responsible for the atom's mass and positive charge
- Number of protons determines the element
Electron Shells
- Energy levels around the nucleus where electrons orbit
- Divided into subshells (s, p, d, f)
- Each shell has a specific capacity for electrons
- Outermost shell (valence shell) electrons participate in chemical bonding
Atomic Number and Mass Number
- Atomic Number (Z): The number of protons in the nucleus, unique to each element
- Mass Number (A): The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
Isotopes and Ions
- Isotopes: Atoms of the same element with different mass numbers (different number of neutrons)
- Ions: Atoms that have gained or lost electrons, resulting in a net charge
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Description
This quiz covers the basics of atomic structure, including the atomic model and subatomic particles such as protons, neutrons, and electrons.
